Many questions remain, such as what happened to the potentially dozens of hostages still unaccounted for? What happened to the attackers? And what caused parts of Westgate to collapse in the final hours of the siege?
Police have asked for patience as they begin the painstaking work of gathering evidence and searching for bodies, with Interior Minister Joseph Ole Lenku warning it could take up to a week to complete the search.
He has said an "insignificant" number of bodies are still trapped.
Ghoulish accounts on the fate of the hostages have circulated Nairobi and there have been claims the military was forced to blow up part of the Westgate complex not just to bring the siege to an end, but to end the appalling suffering of hostages amid reports that some were raped, and others beheaded and their heads thrown out of the windows.
Authorities are also facing questions over whether they had any intelligence on an impending attack, which a Somali al-Shabaab chief said was a "message to Westerners" who had "backed Kenya's invasion [of Somalia]", a reference to Kenya's 2011 incursion aimed at crushing the militant movement.
Kenya's National Intelligence Agency, widely accused by politicians of failing to pick up chatter about the attack, has insisted it did warn the police and officials inside the President's office before the Westgate siege, but its warnings went unheeded, the Star reported.
This week al-Shabaab fighters have also attacked Kenyan towns near the Somali border, killing three people.
Police said fighters attacked the border town of Mandera, killing two police officers, and the town of Wajir, killing one person.
- Independent, AP