For now, the AfD – basking in the vocal support of key allies of US President Donald Trump – is set to stay in opposition. All other parties have vowed to keep it out of power and behind a “firewall” of non-cooperation.
But its jubilant leader Alice Weidel hailed the “historic” result.
Before Merz, 69, takes over from the now caretaker Chancellor Scholz, he will have to forge a new coalition government in Europe’s top economy, an often drawn-out process he has vowed to complete by Easter.
This threatens to leave Berlin paralysed for weeks to come as the Trump administration has forced head-spinning change on the world scene and among European allies, especially over the Ukraine war which enters its third year on Monday.
To build a majority government, Merz would be expected to reach out first to the SPD, though without Scholz, after he led Germany’s traditional workers’ party to its worst-ever result.
To gain enough seats, Merz may also reach out to the Greens, who scored at least 12% in the exit polls, although the CDU’s Bavarian sister party the CSU has so far rejected this.
Much depends on the fate of smaller parties in the complex Bundestag arithmetic, as several hovered around the 5% cutoff mark for re-entry into the Bundestag and feared for their survival.
One of them was the liberal and pro-business Free Democrats (FDP), a potential ally for the conservatives to help them gain a majority.
The final balance will also be influenced by how the smaller far-left do in the final count. Die Linke appears to be headed for at least 8.5% and the “left-wing conservative” newcomer BSW at 4.7 to 5%.
The high-stakes vote in the EU’s biggest economy comes amid tectonic upheaval in US-Europe ties sparked by Trump’s direct outreach to Russian President Vladimir Putin over their heads to end the Ukraine war.
Across Europe, Nato allies worry about the future of the alliance, nowhere more than in Germany which grew prosperous under the US-led security umbrella.
More threats loom from the United States, long Germany’s bedrock ally, if Trump sparks a trade war that could hammer Germany’s recession-hit economy.
Once in power, Merz has promised a “strong voice” in Europe at a time of chaotic disruption.
In his final campaign event in Munich on Saturday, he said the EU needed to walk tall to be able to “sit at the main table” of the world powers.
In a strange twist to the polarised campaign, the AfD has basked in the support lavished on it by Team Trump, billionaire Elon Musk having touted it as the only party to “save Germany”.
The AfD, strongest in the ex-communist east, also made gains in western states for its best-ever result after Germany was shocked by a series of high-profile attacks.
In December a car-ramming through a Christmas market crowd killed six people and wounded hundreds, with a Saudi man arrested at the scene.
More deadly attacks followed, both blamed on Afghan asylum seekers: a stabbing spree targeting kindergarten children and another car-ramming attack in Munich.
And on Friday, a Syrian man who police said wanted to “kill Jews” was arrested after a Spanish tourist was stabbed in the neck at Berlin’s Holocaust memorial.
Amid the rise of the AfD, Merz has argued that the next Government must boldly address their concerns, warning that otherwise the far right might win next time around.
“The stakes could not be higher,” argued political analyst and author Michael Broening, who serves on the SPD’s Basic Values commission.
Germany’s mainstream parties have consistently failed to convince voters to reject the far right, and this election could be their last chance to turn the tide.
Democratic forces must find solutions to economic stagnation, immigration challenges and voter disaffection, he added. “If Germany’s ‘establishment’ parties fail to deliver this time, they may not be the establishment for much longer.”
- Agence France-Presse
