KEY POINTS:
WASHINGTON - President George W Bush has assured Israeli and Palestinian leaders that the United States will actively engage in peacemaking, despite deep scepticism over chances for a deal before he leaves office.
Just 24 hours after pledging to try to forge a treaty by the end of
2008, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas met Bush for the ceremonial resumption of the first formal peace talks in seven years.
The White House meeting capped a three-day diplomatic flurry, including a 44-nation Middle East conference, that underscored Bush's aim to achieve in his final 14 months in office what has eluded US leaders for decades.
Once wary of taking a hands-on role in Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking, Bush said, "I wouldn't be standing here if I didn't believe peace was possible."
Shoulder to shoulder with the two leaders in the White House Rose Garden, Bush said, "One thing I've assured both gentlemen is that the United States will be actively engaged in the process and we will use our power to help as you come up with the necessary decisions to lay out a Palestinian state that will live side by side in peace with Israel."
Trying to reinforce the seriousness of the US commitment, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice named Marine General James Jones, who was Nato commander in Europe until 2006, to be her special envoy for Middle East security.
There was no sign Bush was planning the kind of sustained personal engagement he had shunned after his predecessor, Bill Clinton, failed to broker a peace accord in 2000 in the twilight of his presidency.
Olmert and Abbas smiled stiffly at Bush's words on Wednesday but did not shake hands, as they did awkwardly at Tuesday's international conference in Annapolis, Maryland.
The two sides will continue with a meeting on December 12 in Jerusalem. But serious questions remain about the viability of the new peace effort.
All three leaders - Bush, Abbas and Olmert - are politically weak at home, raising doubts whether they can make good on their promises, and lingering mistrust between Israel and the Palestinians will make any progress difficult.
In a sign of the obstacles ahead, Hamas Islamists who control the Gaza Strip rejected the new peace drive. Violence also flared, with Israeli missiles killing two Hamas naval officers in the southern part of the coastal territory.
In Brussels, Karen AbuZayd, head of the UN Relief and Works Agency, which administers aid to Palestinian refugees, said a peace process that does not include Hamas was not "viable at all."
Olmert said that although the sides would try to reach agreement next year, this was not a firm deadline.
"I want to remind you we said we'd make every effort to reach an agreement by 2008 but we didn't commit to completing it by 2008," Olmert told reporters who traveled with him.
Bush, who faced criticism for not doing more sooner to resolve the conflict, had opened Tuesday's conference at the US Naval Academy by reading a joint statement painstakingly negotiated by the two sides but which skirted the core issues that divide them.
US officials insisted, however, that all substantive issues would be tackled in future talks.
Beyond accepting a framework for peace talks, neither Olmert nor Abbas gave any sign of ceding ground on their main differences when they addressed the conference on Tuesday.
But the Arab presence, including Saudi Arabia and Syria, gave a boost to Bush's highest-profile peace drive.
Another motivation for many participants was the desire to offset the growing regional influence of Iran, a US foe and outspoken opponent of peace efforts with the Jewish state.
Still, some analysts were sceptical. "There is, I think, considerable doubt remaining about whether the administration is prepared to take on the heavy lifting ... to make this work," said Bruce Riedel of the Brookings Institution, an independent Washington thinktank.
Bush hopes for a foreign policy success to polish his legacy, but the unpopular war in Iraq, the main factor in his low public approval ratings, could limit his room to manoeuvre.
Olmert's public standing is also low, partly due to last year's Lebanon war, and rightist coalition partners have warned against concessions. Abbas lost control of Gaza to Hamas Islamists in June and only holds sway in the West Bank.
The Annapolis accord emerged from last-minute talks on a joint document meant to chart the course for negotiating the toughest "final status" issues of the conflict - Jerusalem, borders, security and the fate of Palestinian refugees.
The declaration was mostly vague about the US role. Rice will take the lead for the Bush administration, and the White House has declined to say whether the president might travel to the region to help shepherd the process.
The Israelis appeared to have come away with a greater share of what they were seeking at Annapolis, and many commentators in the Arab world dismissed the conference as a media event designed to repair Bush's image damaged by the Iraq and Afghanistan wars.
- REUTERS
