Mr Abbott conceded no ground on allowing a conscience vote during the meeting.
But Senator Leyonhjelm thinks there's enough support inside the coalition for one to occur.
"There's some people I think will become quite vocal if they're not allowed a conscience vote," he said.
Communications Minister Malcolm Turnbull was among those who support a free vote, he said.
A private bill legalising gay marriage, sponsored by Labor MP Stephen Jones, was defeated in 2012.
Senator Leyonhjelm believes the government is more likely to be open to a bill brought by a libertarian.
He intends waiting for sufficient support before seeking a vote.
The bill will allow non-government religious and civil celebrants the right to refuse to marry gay couples.
The Greens say they will vote for marriage equality and urged Mr Abbott to allow a conscience vote.
Comment was being sought from the prime minister.
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- AAP