They had to point to a place they could not see, for example the fire station. They were then asked to draw a map of the town, including all the test locations.
Though participants' maps of Tubingen, Germany, differed, the results showed everyone performed most accurately when facing north.
Previous theories of how we find out where we are maintained that the further away an invisible location is, the longer it takes us to point in its direction.
But given the accuracy of locating northwards, researchers concluded all participants had seen and remembered a map of the town at some point.
Researcher Tobias Meilinge thinks GPS devices will eventually erase these memories. He said: 'If somebody doesn't care to learn the environment, that's fine.
'But they shouldn't complain if their mobile is not working and they are completely lost.'
- DAILY MAIL