Neuville finished 0.7 seconds behind stage winner Daniel Sordo of Spain with Ogier .01 second adrift of Neuville in third place.
Ogier succeeds nine-time champion and countryman Sebastien Loeb.
After sealing the title, Ogier and co-driver Julien Ingrassia climbed onto the roof of their Polo R in celebration and milked the applause from the crowd. Loeb congratulated his former Citroen teammate.
"He deserves it, he has had a great season," Loeb said.
Neuville had little expectation of achieving the near-impossible task of catching Ogier.
"We knew already that we couldn't really win, so it doesn't change anything," he said.
Loeb is rally driving for the last time on home soil. After winning his ninth title last year, he contested only a few races this year. He finished stage one in seventh place.
The 29-year-old Ogier won his first rally at the Rally of Portugal in 2010 and was promoted to Citroen's main team for the last three races of the season and he earned a victory in Japan.
The following year he drove alongside Loeb, but the pair had a strained relationship and he moved to Volkswagen last year.
Ogier won five races this year.