The uncapped Robertson will start on the bench in place of injured prop Allan Alaalatoa.
Back-rower Lopeti Timani has also been named on the extended bench, but he'll have to survive the final cut if he is to have a chance of making his debut.
Argentina made four changes to the side that lost 57-22 to the All Blacks last week.
Brumbies scrumhalf Tomas Cubelli earns his first start since last year's World Cup, while Juan Manuel Leguizamon returns at blindside flanker after recovering from a leg injury.
Santiago Gonzalez Iglesias replaces injured centre Juan Martin Hernandez, while Javier Ortega Desio moves to lock to fill the void left by the injured Guido Petti.
Wallabies: Israel Folau, Dane Haylett-Petty, Samu Kerevi, Bernard Foley, Reece Hodge, Quade Cooper, Will Genia, David Pocock, Michael Hooper, Dean Mumm, Adam Coleman, Rob Simmons, Sekope Kepu, Stephen Moore, Scott Sio.
Res: Tatafu Polota- Nau, James Slipper, Tom Robertson, Rory Arnold, Lopeti Timani, Sean McMahon, Nick Phipps, Tevita Kuridrani, Henry Speight (one to be omitted)
Argentina: Joaquin Tuculet, Santiago Cordero, Matias Moroni, Santiago Gonzalez Iglesias, Lucas Gonzalez Amorosino, Nicolas Sanchez, Tomas Cubelli, Facundo Isa, Juan Manuel Leguizamon, Pablo Matera, Matias Alemanno, Javier Ortega Desio, Ramiro Herrera, Agustin Creevy, Nahuel Tetaz Chaparro.
Res: Julian Montoya, Lucas Noguera, Enrique Pieretto, Marcos Kremer, Leonardo Senatore, Martin Landajo, Gabriel Ascarate, Matias Orlando