Team Vodafone's Jamie Whincup and Andrew Thompson will line up fourth for Sunday's race.
Defending Phillip Island and Bathurst champions Craig Lowndes and Mark Skaife will start from sixth on the grid.
Davison won the opening 14-lap race, before Youlden drove sensibly to finish 15th in race two behind van Gisbergen to secure enough points for pole.
For Davison, who won both Phillip Island and Bathurst in 2009, pole gave him further hope he can continue his excellent enduro form following his switch to Ford this season.
"I've always gone well at the enduros in the past and we want to finish the season on a high,'' Davison said.
"We've been looking to do well at the enduros and we've got the fire in our belly to do well here.''
But Davison said while the car was rock-solid and gave the indication it would perform well on Sunday, tyre life would be crucial.
The picturesque Phillip Island track is notoriously tough on tyres, and the 113-lap race could chew through up to four sets if air and track temperatures are high.
Points for the overall V8 championship are on offer in Sunday's race.
Whincup currently leads the championship from Lowndes, with van Gisbergen third.
- AAP