The game was thrown into doubt last week when a judge ruled the stadium was unsafe, but the order was overturned. The confusion reflected the various cost overruns and delays in building stadiums in Brazil ahead of the Confederations Cup, which starts in two weeks.
Brazil's prospects of replicating its 2002 World Cup success are looking distant, with Luis Felipe Scolari's side having won just one of their past six games.
Star Brazil forward Neymar, who heads to Barcelona after the game for his official presentation after signing a five-year deal at the Spanish champions, could find no way past goalkeeper Joe Hart.
Hart also denied Hulk and Filipe Luis in quick succession in the first half, and blocked a powerful shot from Oscar.
"We didn't play well in the first half, but we battled and dug deep," Hart said.
Brazil goalkeeper Cesar denied Theo Walcott twice in a first half dominated by the hosts. Their breakthrough came after the break when Hernanes hit the crossbar and Fred pounced from close range.
England's fortunes turned after Oxlade-Chamberlain replaced Glen Johnson on the hour, 29 years after his father Mark Chamberlain appeared for England in the same stadium. It took just seven minutes for Oxlade-Chamberlain to score. "He smashed us back into the game," Hart said of Oxlade-Chamberlain.
"Some draws can be labelled victories and some draws can be labelled defeats," England manager Roy Hodgson said. "I'm a bit disappointed today, and we were playing so well in the second half I thought we might just hold on to it. But we were scotched by a wonder strike."
- AAP