Buttler top-scored for England with 46 but was unable to break the shackles imposed by Australia's disciplined bowling attack.
England's risky batting approach was again exposed with aggressive openers Jason Roy and Alex Hales both falling cheaply.
The unbeaten Australians are now assured of a spot in the February 21 final in Auckland after downing England by five wickets in Hobart and beating New Zealand in the series opener.
England will face New Zealand in Wellington tomorrow and again in Hamilton the following Sunday requiring victory in at least one of those games to ensure they make the final.
"That's the beauty of a tri-series. We still have a chance to make that final," Buttler said.
"We obviously go to New Zealand now. It'll be a nice change of scene, I think, for the England side.
"We haven't showcased our ability as we know we can yet and there's guys in that dressing room who'll be determined to come back strong."
- AAP