Tom Latham will captain the side in that third ODI, and is the only wicketkeeper in the squad, with uncertainty still surrounding whether Nicholls will perform the back-up wicketkeeper role at the World Cup, or whether Tim Seifert will get the nod as cover.
Black Caps selector Gavin Larsen was hopeful that the Guptill and Nicholls opening partnership can perform against Bangladesh, with it being over a year since the Black Caps last produced an opening partnership of 35 runs or more in an ODI.
"We're delighted to have Martin back on the park for this series; he's a world-class player and an integral part of our one-day side.
"He and Henry did a good job opening up in Hamilton against India and they're a combination we want to see some more of in this series, before Colin returns to the top for the third game with Kane resting," Larsen said.
Astle will share the spin bowling load with Mitchell Santner throughout the Bangladesh series, and Larsen indicated the selectors wanted to give the pair more opportunities at the international level after they both recently returned from injury.
"We've been really pleased with Mitchell's return after a serious knee surgery last year and we'll continue to monitor him through the rest of the season.
"Todd's another who is returning from a knee injury and after getting limited opportunities against India, we're keen to see more of him in this series."
The series begins on Wednesday at McLean Park in Napier, before moving to Christchurch's Hagley Oval on Saturday, and finishing the following Wednesday at University Oval in Dunedin.
Black Caps ODI squad v Bangladesh
Kane Williamson (c) (Games 1 & 2)
Todd Astle
Trent Boult
Colin de Grandhomme
Lockie Ferguson
Martin Guptill
Matt Henry
Tom Latham
Colin Munro (Game 3)
Jimmy Neesham
Henry Nicholls
Ross Taylor
Mitchell Santner
Tim Southee