Earlier recalled test opener Peter Fulton struck 74 and former international Rob Nicol 68 for Canterbury at the redeveloped Hagley Oval.
Left armer Michael Bates took four for 45 to go with three catches, while ODI seamer Kyle Mills and young Matt Quinn shared five wickets.
Otago made their second highest 50-over total, 349 for seven on the Basin Reserve. Aaron Redmond carried on his Plunket Shield form with 114 off just 84 balls.
However, Michael Papps topped Redmond with an unbeaten 162 off 138 balls - his 10th ton in this form - to steer Wellington to a memorable six-wicket win.
Wellington's 352 for four is the province's highest one-day total, while the 273-run second wicket stand between Papps and Stephen Murdoch (136 off 123 balls) is a record for any wicket in New Zealand 50-over history, eclipsing Stephen Fleming and Roger Twose's unbroken 244 in the 2000-01 season.
Michael Mason's heroics in his final game for Central Districts last season were a distant memory as the defending trophy champions were soundly beaten by Northern Districts in Nelson.
In tomorrow's second round games, ND host Auckland in Hamilton, Wellington play CD in the capital and Canterbury face Otago in Christchurch.