Tribunal members travelled to Waitangi on Saturday to hand over thecompleted part one, stage two Te Paparahi o Te Raki report, also known as the Northern Inquiry.
The report deals with land loss, military conflict and Treaty breaches endured by Ngāpuhi, Northland’s biggest iwi, between 1840 and 1900.
Copies of the almost 2000-page document were presented to representatives of each of Ngāpuhi’s seven taiwhenua, or hapū groupings, in a sometimes emotional ceremony.
Earlier in the morning, hapū members remembered the many people, both claimants and Tribunal members, involved in the long-running inquiry who did not live to see it completed.
Labour list MP and grandson of Sir James Henare, Peeni Henare, addresses the Tribunal. Photo / RNZ/ Peter de Graaf
Their photos were displayed on the mahau [porch] of Te Whare Rūnanga, the Treaty Grounds’ carved meeting house.
Ngāti Hine chairman Waihoroi Shortland said the report would strengthen the hand of hapū once Treaty settlement negotiations got under way.
“It’s a day we have waited a long time for. It’s the culmination of all the grievances we brought to the Tribunal over these last 13 years,” he said.
“We’ve waited a long time to see how our claims have been analysed and reflected upon by the Tribunal. Today is the day we pick up the ammunition. It’s the day we have a look at what kind of fighting tools we have as we enter negotiations and settlement of our historical claims.”
Shortland said he deliberately used the word “historical” because settlement would not necessarily mean an end to Ngāpuhi’s claims.
After a rousing welcome for Tribunal members, and before copies of the report were presented to claimant groups, Waitangi Tribunal deputy director Sandra Edmonds read a summary of the findings.
A hush descended on the crowd as she detailed decades of misdeeds by the Crown - such as the so-called Dog Tax War when the government sent an armed force against Hokianga Māori - and listed the Tribunal’s key recommendations.
Noted Ngāpuhi academic Hone Sadler addresses the Waitangi Tribunal. Photo / RNZ/ Peter de Graaf
They include an apology from the Crown; the return of all Crown-owned land within the inquiry district to Māori ownership; and “substantial further compensation” to restore the economic base of hapū and make up for economic losses caused by Treaty breaches.
The Tribunal also called on the Crown to enter discussions with Northern Māori to “determine appropriate constitutional processes and institutions at national, iwi and hapū levels” to give effect to their Treaty rights.
Pat Tauroa, who led the Whangaroa area’s claims throughout the inquiry, said it had been a long and trying process, but she was proud of the result.
She used her speech to challenge Tribunal members and the new government.
“I asked the Tribunal, could they please take a copy of the report, place it on the table in front of our incoming prime minister, and require that he read it before he starts rubbishing Māori any more,” she said.
Not everyone, however, opposed the new government’s approach.
Dover Samuels, a Māori Affairs Minister in Helen Clark’s Labour-led government, said past governments had delivered little for Māori, and had in fact widened gaps instead of closing them.
“Nothing is going to change if it’s the same old, same old. … It would be incumbent on our people to give this new government a chance to bed in, and deliver policies that would uplift the Māori nation and have them make the appropriate contribution that everybody else does to New Zealand’s economic, cultural and social wellbeing,” Samuels said.
About 500 people, from every corner of Northland, attended the ceremony.
Among them was Hori Chapman of Mangamuka, who said the report proved claimants were right when they asserted Māori had not ceded sovereignty.
“It’s been quite a major exercise. A lot of money has been expended to prove what we’ve known all along - that we didn’t cede our rangatiratanga.”
Chapman said he hoped the Crown was listening.
“But of course they are not bound by the findings of the Tribunal. What we’d like is for them to acknowledge the evidence that has been presented, and to be bound by the findings. To put things right so that we may live in peace on this whenua.”
Another common theme among claimants spoken to by RNZ was a new-found sense of unity among Ngāpuhi’s famously divided hapū.
Waihoroi Shortland said that was something the government should take note of as hapū prepared to engage in the “to and fro” of settlement negotiations.
Ngāpuhi is the only major iwi which has yet to settle its historic Treaty grievances.
Stage one of Te Paparahi o Te Raki, which was completed in 2014, found the Northern chiefs did not cede sovereignty when they signed Te Tiriti o Waitangi [The Treaty of Waitangi] in 1840.
Part one of stage two examined 415 individual Treaty claims from 1840 to 1900 across much of Northland. Part two will address claims relating to events after 1900.
