For individuals, close personal ties with co-workers can increase job satisfaction, provide a stronger sense of belonging, and promote career advancement. For organisations, workplace friendships have been linked to higher innovation, collaboration, profitability, productivity and employee retention.
However, like many relationships, workplace friendships are challenging to navigate. Differing career goals, corporate power dynamics, tight deadlines and job insecurities can create resentment, conflict and disappointments that strain relationships.
So, how can we maintain meaningful friendships with work colleagues over time? Exploring this in previous research, we adopted a rather unconventional approach and took a deep (and sometimes uncomfortable) look at the relational dynamics in our own circles of work friends.
We analysed our own group’s dynamic, as well as others we were involved in, to examine what makes some workplace friendships work better than others. (While limited to insights from a small number of people, “autoethnography” is a recognised research methodology that can produce deeper understanding of emotions and values.)
Camaraderie in the workplace
On the surface, the five of us in the research group didn’t have much in common. We were at different career stages, had diverse roots, different family constellations, and some had even moved to universities on the other side of the world.
Yet we were able to maintain and even strengthen our work friendship and continue to collaborate on joint projects for over 10 years. We found workplace friendships rely on a distinct set of foundational elements (building blocks) whose importance ebbs and flows over time.
Sometimes, workplace friendships are strengthened through mutual support in the face of shared challenges. For instance, collaborative work under tight deadlines can create an intense “we’re all in this together” feeling, where everyone chips in and makes personal sacrifices.
Similarly, collective moaning and gossiping about clients, company policies, superiors or co-workers can foster solidarity and deeper bonds.
Shared recollections of meaningful experiences that define relationships play a role. When we indulge in memories of office parties that went out of control, or collectively remember past achievements, feelings of belonging are reinforced.
Deliberating about potential future endeavours – from the next team event to thinking of joint initiatives – can strengthen workplace friendships by fostering a shared sense of direction and common purpose.
When workplace friendships go bad
Paradoxically, while these elements are fundamental to workplace friendships, they can also erode those relationships if one element starts to overshadow the others.
For example, although working together on projects is essential, solely work-related friendships can quickly feel shallow or exploitative. Similarly, if collective moaning and negativity dominate all conversations, workplace friendships can start to feel toxic and emotionally drowning.
Hearing the same anecdotes or jokes over and over again can strain relationships, much like old school friends realising the only thing they talk about is getting drunk together 20 years ago.
Finally, talking about future endeavours can create fractures if plans are consistently cancelled and workplace friends don’t make an effort to put ideas into reality.
This suggests maintaining workplace friendships depends on having good foundations to start with, but also on maintaining a balance between them.
Healthy relationships take work
To return to the healthy diet analogy, just as there is no single “magic bullet” for healthy eating, there is no secret ingredient for workplace friendships. Instead, a balanced mix of ingredients and regular adjustments is needed.
Accomplishing this requires an awareness of the different factors that define workplace friendships, and an understanding of how imbalances can strain relationships. Most importantly, it takes deliberate effort to re-balance work and friendship if things go sour.
Our research calls for managers and individuals to pay closer attention to the dynamics of workplace friendships, and the efforts required to maintain them.
On the one hand, decision-makers can make social connections part of everyday work life, rather than trying to “force” them through occasional team-building events or annual celebrations.
On the other, workplace friends need to be sensitive to the risks posed by routine and habit creeping into those relationships, making us take each other for granted.
Like any relationship, workplace friendships take, well, work. While this might sound obvious, we can probably all do with reminding that honest reflection and personal investment are key to maintaining any healthy relationship.
The author acknowledges his colleagues in this research project: Paul Hibbert and Frank Siedlok (University of St Andrews), Lisa Callagher (University of Auckland) and Ziad Elsahn (Lancaster University).
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