The survey asked Kiwis whether they supported the agreement, and 60.8 per cent said they did if the 150 people were genuine refugees. But 34.8 per cent disagreed with the initiative because they felt it encouraged "queue jumping".
Immigration Minister Michael Woodhouse said New Zealand's offer to take refugees reflected the fact that people-smuggling was a regional issue that required regional co-operation.
Australia played a role in giving New Zealand intelligence on asylum seekers and also picked up boat people who were potentially on their way to New Zealand.
"It's only a matter of time before one of these boats turns up in New Zealand waters, and people are aware that we need to work together with Australia and our other regional partners on the issue."
Green Party immigration spokeswoman Jan Logie said the poll result showed New Zealanders had a compassionate approach to taking refugees.
She hoped the transtasman agreement did not mean New Zealand would become more aligned with Australia's hardline policy on asylum seekers.
Mr Key has also suggested New Zealand could take refugees who had been processed in Malaysia, which was not a signatory to the United Nations convention on refugees.