Applications to buy more than that may be scaled back if demand for the shares exceeds the amount available.
The share guarantee is among the sweeteners, including a Kiwis-only share loyalty scheme, which the Government hopes will counter public opposition to the sale, much of which springs from concerns about foreign ownership.
Mr Key said the 2-month sales process - which includes a $1 million advertising blitz beginning today - will be "highly political", but his Government's intentions were "crystal clear".
"That is to put New Zealanders at the front of the queue, to ensure that at least 85 per cent of the company is owned by New Zealanders, and that New Zealanders at every turn are favoured," he said.
"In the end I can't guarantee you a number today but what I can tell you is I think it's extremely unlikely it will be under 85 per cent."
Labour leader David Shearer said Mr Key had so far been unable to explain how he would prevent more than 15 per cent of Mighty River shares going to overseas investors.
Green Party co-leader Russel Norman said the $1 million advertising campaign "shows National knows how unpopular this policy is ... They're doing everything they can to try and sweeten the deal".
Read more: Brokers ready for float