National's second term has been more fiscally conservative, though still without cutting public spending. Bill English always believed that the deficit could be erased by keeping annual increases within $1 billion and reaping more tax revenue as the economy recovered. So it has proved. The $18 billion deficit was halved to $9.2 billion in 2012, $4.4 billion in 2013, $2.4 billion in the year ending next month and a surplus for the years ahead.
Key readily gives English the credit for the fiscal discipline that has produced these surpluses but English this week clearly wished Key would contain his impatience to cash them in with tax cuts.
They both know it is not the surplus that really matters, it is the debt they have accumulated. Michael Cullen ran surpluses averaging nearly $5 billion for eight years. He did so to constant calls from National for tax cuts. Fortunately for the economy, Cullen ignored them. By the time the 2008 recession arrived, he had reduced the public debt to practically zero.
Since then, six years of recession deficits have created a new debt of about $60 billion, 26 per cent of New Zealand's GDP. Fiscal responsibility recommends it be reduced to less than 20 per cent before another economic "shock" occurs. The Government seems in no hurry.
It has budgeted for the debt to rise again this year on capital expenses and then start to decline. It will not drop below 20 per cent until 2020, assuming no tax cuts in the meantime. Tax cuts within the next three years would be simply irresponsible. Key this week raised it as one possibility among several that the surplus presented. It could be in the programme National takes to the election in September.
If it is, it will be an admission that National is in serious trouble. The fact that Key even suggested a tax cut this week suggests National's polls are giving him bad news after the Judith Collins saga.
If the Prime Minister thinks he needs a tax cut to ensure the Government's re-election, it will be high-risk. His case for a third term rests almost entirely on economic management. Nothing else in the Budget this week demanded an extension of time.
If he resorts to a tax cut, he could again be lucky, though. David Cunliffe might try to match it. Fiscal responsibility does not work for Labour electorally, though it should.
It is an enduring myth of politics in most countries that the party of the right is more financially responsible. In fact, the left has usually been more careful to balance the books. It may do so at higher levels of spending and taxation than is good for the economy but it is less likely to run up debt when the economy is doing well.
This week, we learned how well the economy is doing. Though the Christchurch rebuild is providing a temporary stimulant, we have a lasting improvement in the terms of trade for food exports and a sudden rise in population as fewer New Zealanders go abroad.
Few places are as prosperous right now. Few can boast a Budget surplus, a sign of sound finances. A tax cut would signal the reverse.
