The court heard that Canto, who had worked in the Buckingham Palace kitchens since 2015, stole the items between November 2019 and August 2020.
About 77 items were taken from the palace shop, others from the linen room, staff lockers, the Royal Collection ticket office, the Duke of York's storeroom and the Queen's Gallery shop.
The stolen items included a brooch, a Buckingham Palace limited-edition pocket watch and two gold pocket-watch necklaces.
He took other luxury items including silk pyjamas, a Tiffany's sterling pen, and a bespoke Samsung mobile phone made for the Duke of York. The "world's first folding mobile phone" was sold to an American buyer for under £600 ($1133 NZD) and is one of 65 items which remain un-recovered.
Judge David Tomlinson heard that the stolen items were of "varying degrees of uniqueness" and were sold for well under their true value.
"The fact remains that the material value of all that you stole comfortably exceeds £10,000," he said.
"You were in some financial difficulty and found that this was the way out ... I have unfortunately come to the conclusion that these offences are so serious that only a sentence of immediate custody is justified."
Defence lawyer Howard Cohen argued that Canto should be given a lighter sentence because of a "sheltered upbringing".
Cohen said: "The court is dealing with a man [aged] 37 who was of impeccable character prior to his offending.
"Character references provided by his employers attest to his professionalism trustworthiness and honesty.
"[He] acted entirely out of character by committing the offences with which the court has to deal this afternoon and has made the most of his life prior to coming to London to be useful to those who need his professional help and assistance."
Cohen said Canto moved to London in 2015 to work in the kitchens at Buckingham Palace, but soon racked up debts.
"His pay at the palace was minimal and he felt it was difficult for him to sustain the lifestyle he wanted to adhere to."
Cohen said the thefts were not "sophisticated criminal work. He used his own name, his own contact details and email address on eBay, and therefore it was not difficult to source the criminal activity to this defendant".
"This was an opportunist who breached the trust endowed upon him through the course of his employment and as a result now bitterly genuinely and deeply regrets his actions."
Cohen said Canto was "naive and unworldly" and would struggle to cope in jail.
Canto bowed his head in the dock as he heard his sentence to eight months' imprisonment.
