But the report's authors say the epidemic's roots lie in the modern-day obsession with low-fat diets. The report cites studies which show a higher-fat, lower-carb diet to be superior.
It states: "Eating a diet rich in full-fat dairy - such as cheese, milk and yoghurt - can actually lower the chance of obesity.
"The most natural and nutritious foods available - meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, nuts, seeds, olives, avocados - all contain saturated fat."
The report also argued that the science of food has been "corrupted by commercial influences", with food industry representatives having a major influence on Public Health England's Eatwell Guide.
Co-author of the report, Aseem Malhotra, is a founding member of the Public Health Collaboration - a charity made up of dieticians, scientists and doctors.
He said promoting low-fat foods was "perhaps the biggest mistake in modern medical history resulting in devastating consequences for public health". The consultant cardiologist added: "Eat fat to get slim, don't fear it, fat is your friend. It's now truly time to bring back the fat."
But Professor Tom Sanders, of King's College London, said: "The claim that eating fat doesn't make you fat is absurd. If you eat a lot of fat, you will get fat."