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Home / Lifestyle

Covid 19 coronavirus: Can you catch it more than once?

news.com.au
1 Apr, 2020 07:41 PM4 mins to read

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Focus: How to stop the spread of coronavirus. Video / AP / Mark Mitchell

As the coronavirus pandemic continues to unfold, one of the main questions people keep asking is whether you can catch the virus more than once.

In February, reports emerged of a woman in Japan that appeared to have caught the virus again after initially recovering.

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She was diagnosed with the virus and after her symptoms subsided she was tested again and returned a negative result, only for her symptoms to return three weeks later and show a positive test result.

There have also been similar reports of possible reinfection emerge from China.

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However, many experts are sceptical about whether reinfection can occur, with Professor Jimmy Whitworth from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine saying these reports were likely due to the way the tests were conducted.

"There have been a few isolated examples where [reinfection] has been reported. That people were positive, then they were negative, then they were positive again," he said during a recent live Q&A session.

"It looks like, in the great majority of cases, this doesn't happen. That people get infected once.

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"My suspicion is that those discrepant test results that we get are to do with, actually, the sampling. It's not straightforward to take a sample from the back of the throat and make sure you catch virus every time."

He said at the moment the predominant thinking is that most people become immune to the virus after getting it but it isn't clear how long that immunity lasts.

Professor Raina MacIntyre, from the University of New South Wales in Sydney, agreed with this line of thinking, saying there wasn't enough scientific evidence to prove reinfection was possible.

"One of the key questions related to that is whether or not the immunity you get after being infected is strong enough and lasts long enough," she said in a video posted by the Australian Academy of Science.

She said that there are other types of coronaviruses, like the common cold, where reinfection is possible but more studies need to be done to determine whether this was the same for Covid-19.

"There is a lot we don't know, it's a new disease. It's only been identified since December last year, so just about three months really," MacIntyre said.

"You need to follow people up for a year, two years, three years after they've had the infection to determine whether the antibodies they produce to the initial infection last that long."

This was echoed by senior medical virologist with NSW Health Pathology, Professor William Rawlinson, who said it was too soon to say if reinfection was a feature of the virus.

"Once you have the infection, it could remain dormant and with minimal symptoms, and then you can get an exacerbation if it finds its way into the lungs," the NYU School of Medicine Professor Philip Tierno, told Reuters.

Queensland researchers are working out how to determine whether someone has developed an immunity to the virus and how others could benefit from it.

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Queensland Institute of Medical Research acting director David Whiteman said finding out if people can build up an immunity is the next obvious course of action.

He said his and other teams around the world are developing tests to show if someone has "mounted an effective immune response".

"Part of the recovery from Covid, as a pandemic, will be getting people back to work," he told Nine's Today show.

"If we know that people have a mounted immune response, an effective immune response, and are actually safe and not able to get infected again, those people can go back to the front line as doctors, nurses, ambulancemen and policemen."

• Covid19.govt.nz: The Government's official Covid-19 advisory website

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