* Even organic sprays such as pyrethrum can harm bees if applied at the wrong time of day. Never spray when the plant is flowering, and only in the evening when bees aren't active.
* Choose plants that will flower successively. That way bees will have something to feed on throughout the year.
* Choose simple flowers that haven't been bred into fancy doubles. These are often not good nectar or pollen providers and may be tricky for the bee to access.
* Allow your lawn and verge to grow a little longer and flower, encourage a range of plants in the lawn for diversity, sow clover seed.
* Lists of good plants for bees can be found at nba.org.nz/about-bees/beneficial-plants-for-bees; treesforbeesnz.org/garden. For bee-friendly seeds go to www.wildforage.co.nz.
* Farmers can access region-specific plant lists of bee-friendly shrubs and trees. treesforbeesnz.org/farms.