In one of the more contentious proposals, the Environment Minister will gain new powers to override councils on other RMA activities if they conflict with other pieces of legislation.
Environment Minister Nick Smith described it as a "major milestone" for the Government's reform programme.
"This reform delivers on National's Bluegreen agenda of supporting economic growth, more houses, better infrastructure and less bureaucracy while ensuring New Zealand's environment is well managed and protected."
Labour, the Greens, New Zealand First, Act and United Future voted against the reforms.
Labour's environment spokesman David Parker said it was "terrible" legislation which did little for housing or the environment.
National had been "politically dishonest" by blaming the RMA for New Zealand's housing woes, he said.
Green MP Julie Anne Genter said National had squandered an opportunity to make meaningful changes to the RMA.
"[The bill] does not achieve our fundamental goal of protecting the environment, and it also makes it hard for people to do things that they want to do in our towns and cities," she said.