It follows Young's triumph earlier this year when she was propelled to international recognition when she won the Yale University US$165,000 Windham-Campbell Prize.
Ockham awards' general non-fiction judges' convener Susanna Andrew says Young's writing sets a high bar for style and originality in a form that has little precedent in this country.
"Always an acute observer, it is in Young's commitment to writing as an art that the true miracle occurs; she tells us her story and somehow we get our own."
Dunedin writer and historian Barbara Brookes won the Illustrated Non-Fiction category for A History of New Zealand Women.
"Putting women at the centre of our history, this sweeping servery shows exactly when, how and why gender mattered," says category judges' convener, Linda Tyler.
Paris-based Andrew Johnston won the Poetry category for his collection Fits & Starts, described by poetry judges' convener Harry Ricketts as a slow burning tour de force.
Four best first book awards were also presented to Ngarino Ellis for A Whakapapa of Tradition: 100 Years of Ngati Porou Carving 1830-1930 (illustrated non-fiction); Hera Lindsay Bird for Hera Lindsay Bird (poetry); Adam Dudding for My Father's Island: A Memoir (general non fiction) and Gina Cole for Black Ice Matters (fiction).
The winning authors were from a shortlist of 16 books by four panels of specialist judges. The shortlist was, in turn, drawn from 40 longlisted titles from 150 entries. The Ockham NZ Book Awards are the first official event of the Auckland Writers Festival which runs until Sunday.
This year's four category award winners will appear at a ticketed event at AWF: The State We're In on Friday, May 19 at 5.30pm in the Heartland Festival Room, Aotea Square.
The winners:
Acorn Foundation Fiction Prize - Catherine Chidgey The Wish Child
Royal Society Te Aparangi Award for General Non-Fiction - Ashleigh Young Can You Tolerate This?
Illustrated Non-Fiction category - Barbara Brookes A History of New Zealand Women
Poetry - Andrew Johnston - Fits & Starts