Nyong'o went on to praise Boseman's "powerful presence" on the set of Black Panther, and said the late actor came to work every day with a "game face on".
The actress also noted she "never heard him complain" during their time together despite his private battle with cancer, and said that being around the star made her want to "be better, less petty, more purposeful".
She added: "He was fueled by love, not fear. He moved quietly, deliberately, and without imposing himself or his ideals on others. And yet he also made damn sure that his life meant something. He cared so deeply about humanity, about Black people, about his people. He activated our pride by pushing through and working with such high purpose in the films he chose to commit to, Chadwick has made the infinite his home."
Nyong'o, 37, ended her tribute by offering her condolences to Boseman's family and friends, and shared a meaningful hashtag with her followers.
She said: "His power lives on and will reverberate for generations to come. He used his life force to tell meaningful stories. And now we tell his ...
"Chadwick's death is something that I can neither take in nor take in my stride right now. Perhaps with time ... I'm going to take my time ... and in his honour, I promise not to waste my time. I hope you will do the same.
"My deepest condolences to his family, friends and to his loving wife, Simone, from whom I heard this phrase articulated so resonantly: #TakeYourTimeButDontWasteYourTime."