The remarks from Mr Zuckerberg come amid a US government shutdown, which threatens to delay a probe by the Federal Trade Commission into the company's handling of user data.
Facebook claims it now now has more than 30,000 people working on safety and has invested "billions of dollars in security" per year.
However, the company's boss suggested that the measures would not be enough to help Facebook "catch every bad actor or piece of bad content".
"They're challenges against sophisticated adversaries and human nature where we must constantly work to stay ahead," Mr Zuckerberg wrote in his post.
The chief executive stressed that Facebook is "a very different company today" than it was in 2016, when Cambridge Analytica started to work for the presidential campaign of Donald Trump and pro-Brexit group Leave.EU.
It has shifted "a large portion" of the company to work on preventing harm.
Facebook's measures for preventing election interference and the spread of harmful speech include systems for identifying coordinated information campaigns and AI systems designed to automatically identify content related to terrorism, Mr Zuckerberg added.