Local officials could use the data to help cut down on commute times and improve traffic flow. Photo / Dean Purcell
The combative ride-hailing giant Uber is extending an olive branch to cities - in the form of data that transit wonks have coveted for years.
The San Francisco-based company shared a vast trove of transportation data Sunday that it said local officials could use to help cut down on commute times and improve traffic flow. The data, on a public website that shows the time it takes to travel between neighbourhoods in various cities, is derived from the company's extensive logs of trips taken by millions of Uber riders each day.
The timing of the data release - which will be launched on a website and called "Uber Movement" - coincided with another fight over data that the company is engaged in New York.
Uber is blocking New York City officials' efforts to collect drop-off times and locations from its drivers - a move the city says will enable it to determine whether drivers are working too many hours but Uber says violates passenger privacy.
In addition to the New York City fight, Uber is sparring with cities around the world on issues ranging from self-driving cars to working conditions for its network of freelance drivers. Sharing data could help build some goodwill in cities, said Linda Bailey, executive director of the National Association of City Transportation Officials, which is working to establish a shared data standard for cities where ridesharing companies operate.
But it continues a pattern that has proven irksome to regulators - that firms like Uber decide when and what data to release, on their terms, in defiance of cities' requests for specific sets of information.
"One of the things that has been frustrating to cities is that they see this as a service that's making use of public right of way, public facilities, and isn't necessarily giving back on just basic openness," Bailey said. "It's definitely a step in the right direction," she said of the data release, "but there's still a ways to go for cities to feel like they're getting more than basic information."
Still, city planners say they are excited by the possibilities for the new data, including the ability to analyse travel patterns during major traffic disruptions such as the presidential inauguration, sporting events and concerts - and plan for them.
Uber Movement shows data for four cities - the Washington metro area, Boston, Manila and Sydney - with dozens more to be added soon, Andrew Salzberg, Uber's head of transportation policy, said in an interview with reporters at the company's San Francisco headquarters. (Today, Uber operates in about 450 cities worldwide.) Because the data is historical, a transit official could use it to examine how a subway closure or hosting a large convention affects congestion, he said.
"As vehicles move within a city, we're collecting this constant stream of data," Salzberg said. "Some of this data is treated as digital exhaust, when in fact it's immensely valuable."
In an interview, transportation officials with the Washington, D.C., Transportation Department praised the release, calling the data another "puzzle piece" to the city's urban transit network.
About 30,000 Uber drivers navigate the D.C. region, but transportation officials are limited in what they know about the travel patterns of those drivers and passengers. The Transportation Department culls data from sources such as the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (people's entrances and exits are logged), Capital BikeShare and the D.C. Department of For-Hire Vehicles.
GPS signals from the city's bus system, for example, were crucial in planning improvements to the 16th Street bus corridor, which has faced challenges of overcrowding and delays for years, they said. D.C. officials have been working with Uber for the past several months, preparing for the data release, and say the information could prove useful as soon as the Jan. 20 inauguration.
"It's a major disruption on the system," Stephanie Dock, a research program administrator with the D.C. Transportation Department, said of the inauguration. Uber's data, she said, "helps us ... understand how the system overall responded - helps us think forward to the next four years, where we'll do this once again."
As vehicles move within a city, we're collecting this constant stream of data ... Some of this data is treated as digital exhaust, when in fact it's immensely valuable."
The traffic-monitoring app Waze also began sharing with regulators in Sydney, Los Angeles and other cities several years ago.
Uber Movement also reflects a shift in strategy for the ride-hailing giant. Historically, the company has been more interested in using its data trove for marketing than for the public good. Several years ago, at a launch party, the company touted "God View," a real-time map in which the company tracked the flow of Uber rides as people moved throughout New York City.
(Uber took the feature down after complaints that the site violated people's privacy). The company also tracked people's sexual escapades, releasing data about one-night stands (Uber has since taken it's "Rides of Glory" post off its website).
Today, Salzburg's team aims to partner with cities around the world. The team, which was created a year ago, has worked with cities including Summit, New Jersey. The city teamed with Uber to offer $4 rides from people's homes to a local train station, helping to - at least temporarily - stave off the need to build a parking garage.
But the partnership goes only so far.
Uber's move underscores a new power dynamic emerging among technology companies, researchers and governments. Technology companies, from Uber to Facebook, hold growing stores of data about user behaviour, and officials and academics want access to it. They believe it contains valuable insights that could benefit the public.
The challenge for the public interest is that many technology companies will share data only on their terms, said Allan Fromberg, deputy commissioner for public affairs for the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission. Home-sharing start-up Airbnb has been in similar fights over data-sharing with New York and other cities.
Companies like Uber see their data as valuable assets in their competition with rivals such as Lyft, according to Bailey, who said such information is crucial to understanding how to improve in their markets. But cities have a claim to some of the data that is in the public interest, she said.
"Just thinking about 'how can we better manage traffic in the 21st century?' Absolutely, this data is necessary and should be provided," Bailey said.
Gabe Klein, who headed DDOT under then-Mayor Adrian Fenty, said it's possible that Uber is throwing cities a "bone" with the timely release. Still, he said, Uber and similar companies may become more transparent as they realise how crucial open data sharing can be to establishing public-private partnerships in their quest for profitability. In the meantime, he said, cities should state their intention openly.
"I think cities need to be very clear about what they want," he said. "When you're not totally clear about you want, it's much easier to get 'rope-a-doped.'"
Some city officials accept that Uber is the custodian of its data, and for now, they're limited to what the company is willing to release.
"It's their data," Dock said. "So we're working with them to talk through what would be valuable to us."
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