Monday's announcement from General Motors, Holden's US parent, that the brand will be "retired" and local design and engineering operations cease is doubtless based on strong financial reasoning, but poor brand management is also part of it.
Sales of Holden vehicles and a shift from large sedans to small and medium-sized cars and sportscars and SUVs didn't help.
At its peak, between 2002 and 2005, Holden sold more than 170,000 vehicles a year across Australia. By 2019 it sold less than 40,000; none of them made here.
The trend hasn't been quite as extreme in New Zealand, but there has also been a steady slide.
CARS
Global competition from Japan, Korea and Thailand for brands like Kia and Hyundai, added to its woes.
Internationally, Holden was only present in two small markets, Australian and New Zealand, which between them don't even account for 1% of global sales, and require steering columns on the right hand side of car. It has made Holdens hard to internationalise.
Monday's press release blamed "highly fragmented right-hand-drive markets", the cost of growing the brand, and the unlikelihood of achieving a decent return on the investment if it tried.
General Motors isn't even going to bother to sell foreign-made sedans in Australia, although it will continue to sell speciality vehicles.
Yet its brand is ingrained in Australian history.
Holden defined a brand
Brands are a combination of tangible and intangible elements. Among the tangible elements are visual design elements, like logos, colour, images and packaging, such as the Holden "Lion and Stone" and distinctive product features, such as the feel of the leather, the sound of a roaring V8 and the quality of the duco.
But that is only part of what makes a brand. Tangible elements can be easily copied and are a feature of nearly all products. The challenge is to develop and leverage intangible qualities.
These can include experiences (such as service) and feelings such as reputation, personality and values.
Nostalgia is a Holden value. It's rich history, dating back to 1856, has helped define the brand.
Many of us who grew up in the 1970s remember family car trips to the beach in a Kingswood station wagon. In the 1980s, we watched Brock, Richards and Perkins win Bathurst. Movies like Puberty Blues made the Holden Sandman panel van every young man's dream, and every parent's worse nightmare.
General Motors killed it
Being Australian (and Kiwi) was at the core of that identity.
General Motors took it away.
On October 20, 2017 it stopped production of all Australian-made vehicles and began importing Commodores from Germany.
Then in December last year it axed the Commodore, after 41 years.
