"When we created the fellowship more than two years ago, our intention was to help a small number of creative people learn and accomplish more than they might have otherwise," Thiel said in a statement.
"To their great credit, they have exceeded our expectations, and inspired people of all ages by reminding them that qualities like intellectual curiosity, grit, and determination are more important than a degree in determining success in life."
Thiel co-founded online payments company PayPal and was also the first big investor in Facebook, turning his initial $500,000 investment into more than $1 billion.
He owns a house in Queenstown and last year sold his home in Parnell, Auckland. It was understood he was looking to buy another in the City of Sails.
Through his venture capital fund, Valar Ventures, Thiel has invested in Kiwi tech companies like Xero and Booktrack.
He was also among a group of high-profile investors who attempted to build the now-defunct Pacific Fibre, a 12,950km fibre cable between Auckland, Sydney and Los Angeles.
Thiel runs most of his philanthropic activities through a non-profit foundation called the Thiel Foundation.
Projects to be pursued by this year's fellows include robotics, telecommunications, game development, neuroscience and fashion.