Opponents say the program is unnecessary and ideologically driven. The government argues it has helped it reduce foreign debt and allowed it to invest in hospitals, schools and roads.
Opposition leader David Cunliffe said in a statement that New Zealanders always knew the sales were a terrible idea and the government should now call off its Genesis plans.
But Finance Minister Bill English said the referendum was a "costly stunt" and opponents would be disappointed after less than 30 percent of all eligible voters cast a vote against the sales.
The referendum was held after asset sale opponents gathered more than 300,000 signatures on a petition calling for the vote.