California's wildfires led to the collapse of the business. Photo/Getty Images.
California's wildfires led to the collapse of the business. Photo/Getty Images.
First, more than a decade ago, severe weather bankrupted an electric company in New Orleans. Then it helped take down one in Houston. Now, in California, it has pushed PG&E Corp. to the brink, in the biggest warning yet about the financial risks of climate change.
The utility giant's criticscontend it's hurtling toward bankruptcy court because of its own negligence and arrogance. But for many months, PG&E has pointed to the culprit of a shifting climate that led to devastating wildfires and, now, crushing liabilities. It's "a real wake-up call" for businesses across the country, said Ian Monroe, chief executive officer of the socially responsible investment firm Etho Capital.
Whatever their exact cause, the California fires - and the utility's response - have turned PG&E into a poster child for climate-change dangers. A bankruptcy would make it the largest company to seek protection while blaming the effects of a warming planet for the situation.
Some experts don't see any sector as safe, as the likelihood of what used to be improbable weather disasters grows.
"Climate is increasingly being connected to all sorts of potent natural events, and it magnifies the intensity of the events that companies running businesses are facing," said Dan Reicher, a fellow at the Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance at Stanford University. "The question is, if your service is out because of a hurricane, to what extent can you point to climate change as a cause? That's for the courts and public opinion."
The most directly vulnerable are utilities like PG&E, long viewed as safe and steady investments. Hurricane Katrina bankrupted an Entergy Corp. unit in New Orleans when its customer base was decimated, and the 60 inches of rain dumped by Hurricane Harvey did the same to already struggling ExGen Texas Power. But there's a long list of those at risk, including farmers, homebuilders and insurers; Merced Property and Casualty Co., a small California insurer, deteriorated due to losses from the 2018 Camp Fire, leading the state's regulator to take control of it.
In August, the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond said in its Economic Brief that higher summer temperatures could hurt a variety of sectors. The evidence of warming "challenges long-standing assumptions that economic damage from climate change would be confined largely to the agricultural sector or to developing nations," according to a summary of the report.
As PG&E plans for a bankruptcy filing, it's unclear what role its climate-change argument will play in court. The company aggressively made its case in California that it was dangerously exposed to what Geisha Williams, who quit as CEO over the weekend, called "climate-driven extreme weather." It used that as part of its unsuccessful bid to overturn a legal doctrine known as inverse condemnation, which holds California utilities responsible for wildfire damage caused by their equipment, whether or not they acted negligently.
The California wildfires left behind a wasteland. Photo/Getty Images.
State officials didn't disagree that hot and dry summers were fuelling ever more explosive blazes, but that didn't get the company off the hook. The potential liabilities PG&E faces from fires in 2017 and 2018 are estimated at more than $30 billion; the state Department of Forestry and Fire Protection has blamed more than a dozen of the 2017 blazes in part on the company's power lines and other equipment.
Governor Gavin Newsom and the legislature have signalled that they aren't keen on using state funds to bail out the company, whose stock has crashed. Its bonds, which were trading above face value before the Camp Fire erupted in November and claimed more than 86 lives, and its the most liquid PG&E bonds, 6.05 per cent notes due in 2034, fell 3.125 points to 77.25 cents on the dollar as of 11:20 a.m. in New York, according to Trace.
When the extraordinary wildfires raged in California's Napa and Sonoma counties in 2017, the attitude was that it was a "terrible scenario but a one-off," said Michael Wara, director of Stanford University's climate and energy policy programme. Then, "when the Camp Fire happened, it was, 'Oh no, this is the normal.' And now, they're insolvent."
