"Given the sometimes crude instruments - and often short-term thinking - used by government, it is no surprise people want to see independent monitoring of spending."
CAANZ suggested independent monitoring of the Budget could be managed by the Parliamentary Budget Office, and could be supplemented by a requirement that governments forecast the fiscal implications of key policy decisions over 10 years.
Such bodies already existed internationally, including in the UK and Germany, CAANZ said.
The poll also showed 66 per cent of people thought budget deficits were acceptable.
Magarey said it was interesting to note that a majority of people thought deficits were acceptable in certain circumstances "and an independent monitoring body would rightly allow the public to hold policymakers to account over how deficits are used".
The polling results suggested people thought the government's strategy of cutting funding to reduce the deficit was the wrong approach, CAANZ said.
Forty-two per cent said reducing the deficit should be addressed by removing existing tax breaks, compared to 21 per cent who favoured spending cuts.
"People want to see meaningful reform of tax breaks over simply cutting funding from major programs. This would simplify the federal tax system and safeguard public investment in major programs that have been shown to bring long-term benefits," Magarey said.
"Viewed together, the results demonstrate an appreciation amongst the public of the occasional need for government debt, but prefer this to be in the form of spending, rather than tax breaks."
The poll also showed that people thought the economy (35 per cent) and healthcare (34 per cent) should be the government's highest priorities.