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Home / Business / Economy

Liam Dann: John Key is right about downturn risk

Liam Dann
By Liam Dann
Business Editor at Large·NZ Herald·
25 Dec, 2018 07:00 PM4 mins to read

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Sir John Key says he has seen worrying signs of a global economic downturn in his new roles on the boards of several large companies. Photo/File.

Sir John Key says he has seen worrying signs of a global economic downturn in his new roles on the boards of several large companies. Photo/File.

Every year, we trawl through the archives and republish a few of the standout business stories from the last year. This is essentially a mix of the most popular, topical or insightful pieces published in 2018. Here's one that made the cut.

COMMENT:

Sir John Key is right about the risk of an economic downturn. New Zealand's economy is cyclical and we are coming to the end of the current economic cycle.

Whether you believe that has much to do with the current Government probably depends on your politics.

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But Key was speaking at the National Party conference and did not shy away from making the point that the low confidence business has in the coalition was likely making things worse.

New Zealand's economy is ultimately fuelled by exports but it feels most like an economic boom when the domestic part of the economy is humming.

We've seen record immigration and a housing boom driving the domestic economy for several years and it has created a powerful wealth effect for many New Zealanders – even if it has created a widening inequality gap with those who were not set up to benefit.

But with a small population base, there are limits to how far New Zealand's domestic economy can drive growth.

We inevitably hit capacity after a few years of growth above three per cent.

That means we hit skilled labour shortages and our infrastructure gets log jammed, immigration drops off ... business gets frustrated.

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At this point, we typically become vulnerable to an external shock.

Whether it's the 2008 global financial crisis, the 1997 Asian financial crisis or the stock market crash of 1987 – we've become accustomed to taking a big hit and resetting our economic course.

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What's weird about this cycle is that it has been slower and longer than most – and there has been no external shock ... yet.

John Key also highlighted international risks.

China's economy has been wobbly this year – its stock markets some of the worst performers - and could slow further if a trade war with the US escalates to tariffs on all its exports.

If a trade war causes global commodity prices to keep falling (they are off about nine per cent in the six weeks since Donald Trump upped his trade war rhetoric) then New Zealand could find itself facing a sharper downturn than expected.

That will require some quick and innovative thinking by the Government to navigate.

Key of course, with his National Party hat on doesn't think the coalition has the right policies to manage that.

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But let's not panic.

Even the gloomiest economists only see New Zealand's growth rate slowing to two per cent this year.

That's a long way from a recession – or a typical economic downturn for this country.

And there is near consensus among economists that the next six to nine months will be the lowest point in the cycle.

We do have a centre-left Government with money in the bank. So there will be stimulus flowing in to boost the economy.

That's just taking a bit longer to deliver than it might have of it had been delivered via a National party tax cut.

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We also have a Reserve Bank with considerable scope to cut interest rates and even pep up the housing market by lifting lending restrictions.

Forecasts suggest GDP growth will head back above three per cent next year.

It's also worth noting that US economic growth just hit an annualised rate of 4.1 per cent.

You can make a strong case for the longer term folly of Donald Trump's economic
strategy but, for now, he has super-charged the US economy with massive tax cuts.

China has also started to stimulate its economy.

Key is correct that we are vulnerable right now.

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While New Zealand's growth is declining it is possible an external shock could push us into recession.

Key has said he remains hopeful this doesn't happen.

He knows full well the complexity of the economic outlook we currently face.

But his assessment of the risks we face was not overblown.

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