This year, as the tech industry is soaring out of the recession, plans are in the works for a flurry of massive, perk-laden headquarters.
"We're seeing the mature technology companies trying to energise their work environments, getting rid of cube farms and investing in facilities to compete for talent," said Kevin Schaeffer, a principal at architecture and design firm Gensler in San Jose.
"That's caused a huge transition in the way offices are laid out."
New Silicon Valley headquarters or expansions are under way at most of the area's major firms, including eBay, Intel, LinkedIn, Microsoft, Netflix, Nvidia and Oracle. Apple's 71ha campus will be one of the world's largest workplaces.
On the outside, many of the new buildings boast striking architectural designs and will collectively be among the most environmentally friendly in the country. Inside, there are walls you can draw on, ping-pong tables, Lego stations, gaming arcades and free haircuts.
Critics say that while some workplace perks are a good thing, the multibillion-dollar corporate headquarters are colossal wastes of money that snub the pioneering technology these firms actually create.
"Companies led by older management tend to be very controlling, but when I look at people in the 20s or 30s, they're totally capable of working on their own and being productive," said Kevin Wheeler, whose Future of Talent Institute researches and consults on human resources for Silicon Valley businesses.
"To have artificial structures that require everybody to be in the office at certain hours of the day is simply asinine."
Wheeler said he thought Yahoo called everyone back to work "because they had gotten into a culture of laziness", and that the firm would likely loosen the restrictions soon.
Yahoo was, in fact, an early model of Silicon Valley's happy workplace culture, touting its espresso bar and inspirational speakers as a method of inspiring passion and originality.
Today yoga, kickboxing and golf classes at the office, as well as discounts to ski resorts and theme parks, help it receive top ratings as one of the United States' happiest workplaces.
Companies say extraordinary campuses are necessary to recruit and retain top talent, and to spark innovation and creativity.
And there are business benefits and financial results for companies that keep their workers happy. The publicly traded 100 Best Companies To Work For in America consistently outperform major stock indices and have more qualified job applicants and higher productivity, according to the San Francisco-based Great Place to Work Institute. That may not always be obvious, however.
"People do work really, really hard here," Facebook spokesman Slater Tow said as an engineer glided past a row of second-floor conference rooms on a skateboard.
"They have to be passionate about what they do. If they're not, we would rather someone who is."
He points out the Jumbotron frame for outdoor movies, the Nacho Royale taqueria, a bank branch with tellers standing by and an artist in residence.
Traditional benefits are part of the Silicon Valley packages as well. Facebook offers free train passes, a shuttle to work, a month of paid vacation, full healthcare cover and stock options.
Facebook staffers are welcome to stop by and play in Ben Barry's Analog Research Laboratory, a large, sunlit studio with laser-cutters, woodworking tools, a letterpress machine and silk-screening supplies.
"I believe if people feel they can control their environment, that leads to a greater sense of ownership over the product," says Barry, who makes posters for the campus walls with mantras like, "What would you do if you weren't afraid?" and "Move fast and break things."
About 9km north at Google's headquarters, workers on one of more than 1000 Google-designed bikes rolled from one building to another. Others stepped into electric cars, available for free check-outs for workers running errands. In one office, two young engineers enjoyed a beer and shot pool.
Google doesn't want its Googlers to have to worry about distractions in their life.
Concerned about the kids? Childcare is on campus. Need to shop and cook? Have the family dine at Google. Dirty laundry piling up? Bring it into the office. Bring Fido, too, so he doesn't get lonely.
There's a climbing wall, nap pods (lay down in the capsule, set the alarm and snooze), a bowling alley, multiple gyms, a variety of healthy cafes, mini kitchens and classes on anything from American Sign Language to public speaking.
In a shared, community garden, Googlers plant seeds, knowing that if they get too busy a landscaper will pull their weeds.
The company has no policy requiring people to be at work. But officials say Googlers want to come in.
"We work hard to create the healthiest, happiest and most productive work environments possible that inspire collaboration and innovation," said spokeswoman Katelin Todhunter-Gerberg.
Wheeler says the mega-complexes being built today will be hard to staff 10 years from now, and the next era will see smaller workplaces where employees are responsible for meeting achievements and objectives, and have flexibility about when they come in to their office.
"When you look at how some of these companies operate, they're, in effect, sweatshops," he said.
"They want 80, 90, 100 hours of work. In order to even make that tolerable, of course you have to offer haircuts and food and places to sleep, or else people would have to go home."
