The pair, who separated almost a decade ago after 17 years of marriage, have already been through the Family Court, High Court and Court of Appeal.
The Court of Appeal delivered its judgment in February and at the time Ms Clayton's lawyer, Lady Deborah Chambers QC, said it was a "significant win" for her client.
However, the case is now before the Supreme Court after applications for leave to appeal, filed by Mr Clayton, were granted.
The case has centred around trusts which controlled much of Mr Clayton's businesses and other interests.
The Vaughan Road Property Trust was created in 1999 while the pair were still together. Mr Clayton was the settlor and sole trustee.
It was argued at the Court of Appeal that the trust was largely a sham because of the amount of control Mr Clayton exercised. The court dismissed this argument.
Lady Chambers said Mr Clayton exercised all control over the trust, which made it his property.
However, lawyer Colin Carruthers QC, who appeared on behalf of Mr Clayton as a trustee of the Vaughan Road Property Trust, said the trusts should not be regarded as his property.