Last month, the company's creditors voted through a deed of company arrangement, which will enable a progressive sell-down of Solid Energy's assets over the next two and a half years.
Under the arrangement, trading creditors would be paid in full and obligations owed to others, like banks and bondholders, would be restructured into a two-and-a-half-year facility.
In August it was anticipated that these creditors could get back 35-40c in the dollar.
Cargill said it had been classified as a participant creditor under the arrangement, despite fitting the definition of a trading creditor.
It issued a High Court challenge to the arrangement on Monday.
"We believe it is wholly inappropriate for Cargill to be treated the same as its financiers," said Cargill spokesman Bruce Blakeman.
"The situation we find ourselves in is bitterly disappointing, especially since we have done so much to support the mine and its workers. We hope we can get treated fairly in New Zealand."