Air New Zealand owns nearly 23 per cent of Virgin Australia and said this month that it would spend up to $130 million maintaining its stake as part of a planned A$350 million capital raising.
Qantas chief executive Alan Joyce said his airline would not be able to compete on the same terms as Virgin if its rival received the capital "and doesn't care about losing money".
Joyce said the Government should review if Virgin should still be able to access traffic rights reserved for Australian airlines, and said there was no time to argue the case through Parliament. "We need urgent, immediate action on this," he said.
Virgin Australia chairman Neil Chatfield described the Qantas claims as "absurd".
Hockey said his preferred option was the removal of all shareholding restrictions, despite the fact that this meant Australia would no longer have a national carrier.
If Australians demanded that Qantas remain Australian-owned then "we've got to accept we may have to pay a price for that", with the Government likely to have to inject money into the airline.
Labor, while opposing the scrapping of the act and foreign ownership of Qantas, would not oppose a small Government shareholding.