He added that numerous people had died as a result of drugs sold on the online markets, which include heroin and fentanyl.
"We know of several Americans who were killed by drugs on AlphaBay," said Jeff Sessions, US attorney general. "One victim was just 18 years old when in February she overdosed on a powerful synthetic opioid which she had bought on AlphaBay."
The investigation was headed by the FBI, US Drug Enforcement Agency and the Dutch police, with assistance from countries including the UK, France and Lithuania.
"The capability of drug traffickers and other serious criminals around the world has taken a serious hit today," said Rob Wainwright, Europol's chief executive.
Reports of AlphaBay being shut down started circulating earlier this month. The site went dark following the arrest of a Canadian man in Bangkok. The 26-year-old Alexandre Cazes suspected of running AlphaBay died in custody in Thailand earlier this week.
Dutch police seized control of the Hansa site in June and closed it this month.
The operation is reminiscent of the 2013 closure of Silk Road, the first popular dark web marketplace, following the arrest of creator Ross Ulbricht. AlphaBay was created in the void left by Silk Road.