Farmer-owned Fonterra last year posted a historic first net annual loss of $196m and debt of $6.2 billion. It has pledged to reduce debt by $800m this financial year.
The China farms, which make up two hub operations, produce fresh milk for the Chinese ingredients, foodservice and consumer markets.
Fonterra said in the first six months of the 2019 financial year, domestic milk prices had improved with 40 per cent of milk production selling for more than 4RMB per kilogram against 17 per cent in 2018, when the average milk price was 3.56RMB/kg.
This is a positive because Fonterra's ingredients business buys raw milk at a higher-than-market price from the farms and sells it for the highest possible price. This transfer pricing practice saw the China ingredients business post a $30m loss for the full 2018 financial year, on top of the farms' own direct $9m EBIT loss.
Fonterra said rainstorms and floods in the Yutian region, home to one of the hubs, had reduced half year milk production and as a result, sale volumes, and pushed up feed costs.
Sales volumes were down 15 per cent in the first half compared to the same period last year.
Revenue from the farms was $108m, compared to $123m the previous half year.
Fonterra began building the farms after the collapse of its joint venture with China's San Lu company after the 2008 melamine milk poisoning scandal.
The goal was for the China farms to produce up to one billion litres of milk a year by 2020.
In the first six months of this financial year, the farms produced 113m litres of milk compared to 132m in the comparable previous period.
In the 2018 financial year total production was 273m litres, compared to 355m in 2017.
In its interim report, the company said its plan was to shift more milk from the China farms into higher value products.
The target was 15 per cent of milk volume going into consumer brands and foodservice products this financial year - up from 5 per cent in 2018.
The farms' second half performance was predicted to improve through cost efficiencies and controls and feed procurement efficiencies in combination with a seasonal lift in production.
"We have seen an improvement in the average price Ingredients have been achieving for (the farms') milk. This has seen our loss from China Farms in Ingredients improve by $4 million. The loss in the first half for Ingredients was $5 million," said the report.
"Having farms in China means we can supply premium fresh milk to customers like Alibaba's Hema Fresh which stocks our Daily Fresh milk range.
"We continue to look for new opportunities and have launched a new Anchor co-branded fresh milk product with Carrefour in November, our second consumer fresh product in China."
The product was ranked number two fresh milk in the last quarter in Shanghai.
Fonterra Shareholders' Council chairman Duncan Coull said the watchdog was waiting until the current strategic business review of Fonterra was finished before further addressing the issue of the loss-making farms.
After watching domestic market demand in China go from milk for powder, to UHT, and now fresh milk, Coull said personally he wasn't sure quitting the operation was the best option. But the capital expenditure that had been involved was concerning.
