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Home / World

Is one of the great beauties of history buried in King Tut's tomb?

By Harry Mount
Daily Mail·
12 Aug, 2015 07:34 AM7 mins to read

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A bust of Egyptian beauty Queen Nefertiti on display at Neues Museum. Photo / Getty Images

A bust of Egyptian beauty Queen Nefertiti on display at Neues Museum. Photo / Getty Images

She was the most beautiful queen ancient Egypt ever laid eyes on. She was the stepmother, and perhaps even the mother, of Tutankhamun, the boy-pharaoh of Egypt.

Still, today, the 3,300-year-old sculpture of her face, in the Neues Museum in Berlin, has the power to bewitch, with her almond eyes, high cheekbones and chiselled jaw.

Even her name, Nefertiti, is enchanting. Her full name, Neferneferuaten Nefertiti, means 'Beautiful are the Beauties of Aten, the Beautiful One has come'.

Her power and charms in 14th-century BC Egypt were so great that she collected a hatful of nicknames, too: from Lady Of All Women to Great Of Praises, to Sweet Of Love.

Despite her epic beauty, she remained a model of fidelity to her husband, the Pharaoh Akhenaten.

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The same, sadly, could not be said of Akhenaten, who had his wicked way with a series of royal escorts, including, some say, his own daughters.

Now, it seems, we may be about to learn even more about this enigmatic icon, for a British archaeologist claims to have made the greatest archaeological discovery since 1922, when Tutankhamun's tomb was discovered in Luxor's Valley of the Kings by Howard Carter and the Earl of Carnarvon.

Nicholas Reeves, who completed a PhD in the archaeology of Egypt's Valley of the Kings at Durham University and is now at the University of Arizona, believes he has stumbled upon Nefertiti's tomb - and what's more, he claims, it is only inches away from Tutankhamun's.

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If he's right, the super-blingy burial chamber of Tutankhamun - a byword for ancient, gilded splendour - is only a modest taste of things to come.

Dr Reeves is convinced that Tutankhamun's tomb is part of the ceremonial build-up to the biggest show in town -Nefertiti's final resting place.

It was while studying some ultra-high-resolution images of Tutankhamun's tomb that Dr Reeves made his discovery.

Looking closely at the pictures, he spotted the outline of two passageways that have apparently been blocked up and plastered.

One is the same size as an already excavated store room - so Dr Reeves believes this is another store room. But, he claims, the other, bigger passage leads to the greatest missing link in Egyptology -Nefertiti's tomb.

A lot of the evidence points that way. Experts have long been puzzled by the modest size of Tutankhamun's tomb, saying it has about the same dimensions as an antechamber.

Its treasures, too, dazzling as they are, seemed to have been hurriedly assembled in a haphazard way, as if the tomb was a secondary addition to the main event - which, Dr Reeves contends, is Nefertiti's tomb.

Furthermore, Dr Reeves says the layout would be correct for Nefertiti's tomb. The full length or main axis of this main tomb, he believes, lies at right angles to its entrance shaft - the usual plan for the tomb of a queen.

What a prize it would be if this is indeed her tomb.

For Nefertiti was Egypt's most influential, and most beautiful, queen, who ruled at the height of the country's power, in the years of the late 18th Dynasty.

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Yes, Cleopatra is more famous, but she ruled Egypt in its declining years, in the first century BC. After her death, Egypt became just another province of the Roman Empire.

Nefertiti lived during the richest period in ancient Egypt's history - from around 1370BC to 1330BC, a time when Greece, let alone Rome, was centuries away from the peaks of its magnificent civilisation.

As well as marrying a pharaoh, Akhenaten, she was probably born the daughter of another pharaoh, as well as possibly ruling alongside Tutankhamun.

There is even a suggestion that she ruled Egypt alone after her husband's death. So from cradle to grave she ruled the roost. Thus her other nicknames: Mistress of Upper and Lower Egypt, and Lady of The Two Lands.

Nefertiti and Akhenaten had six daughters, although it is thought that Tutankhamun was not her son. DNA analysis has indicated that Akhenaten fathered Tutankhamun with one of his own sisters - the first indication of his penchant for regal incest.

He is thought to have fathered another pharaoh with yet another wife, who is named in various inscriptions. The list of consorts didn't end there. Among his other conquests are two noblewomen.

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On top of that, it is even suggested that he slept with one of his six daughters. The jury is out on that one, although he probably did install one of them in the ceremonial - if not necessarily sexual - role of Great Royal Wife.

Despite all her husband's rumoured lovers, Nefertiti's name lives on as his loveliest, and most important, wife.

Again and again, her beauty and power were depicted in temple images. Sometimes - like Prince Philip with the Queen - she is shown walking behind her husband. But she's also often shown on her own, in positions of pharaoh-like power.

In one limestone sculpture in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, she is seen hitting a female enemy over the head on her royal barge.

She is power and beauty combined - Margaret Thatcher meets Princess Diana.
In another sculpture, now in the Egyptian Museum in Berlin, her slim, lissom body is depicted in all its glory, leaving little to the imagination. Still, today, the bright red of her lips and the kohl-black edges of those almond eyes smoulder across the passage of a hundred generations.

Together, Akhenaten and Nefertiti blazed a trail across Egypt, building spectacular temples as they did so. In Karnak the pharaoh erected one temple, the Mansion of the Benben, to his beloved, stunning wife.

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But it wasn't enough just to build new temples. The royal couple's devotion to the god Aten - representing the disc of the sun - was so great that they created a whole new capital in his honour at Amarna, a city on the banks of the Nile. They built the new city from scratch, putting up two temples to Aten and a pair of royal palaces.

It was like the Queen and Prince Philip deciding to up sticks from Windsor Castle tomorrow morning and building a whole new royal palace on a virgin site in the middle of rural Cumbria.

Here, too, in Amarna, images of the lovely Nefertiti abound, in limestone and quartzite, sporting her distinctive, tall crown. She and her pharaoh are also shown receiving great piles of jewels and gold from their subject people.

They ruled over a civilisation of astonishing sophistication.

Among the discoveries at Amarna are the Amarna Letters, more than 350 tablets excavated in the city in the late 19th century, with 99 of them now in the British Museum.

They tell the tale of a great nation with a highly developed diplomatic service with correspondence between Amarna and Syria, Canaan, Cyprus, Babylonia and Assyria.
There are also rare chunks of poetry, parables and similes in the Amarna Letters.

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One striking line reads: 'For the lack of a cultivator, my field is like a woman without a husband.'

Nefertiti is thought to have lost her own cultivator - her husband -around 1336BC; it is then that Queen Nefertiti may have reigned over Egypt alone.

Her own death is shrouded in mystery. She is reckoned to have died about six years after her husband, around the age of 40, possibly from the plague that struck Egypt at that time.
In 1331BC, Tutankhaten changed his name to Tutankhamun and moved the Egyptian capital to Thebes, where he died in 1323BC.

Today, Thebes is Luxor, home to the Valley of the Kings, burial place of Tutankhamun and, just possibly, Queen Nefertiti.

So did she go back to Thebes with him - or did he take her body there? Or was she buried in the old capital of Amarna, where that marvellous bust of her was discovered in 1912?

For 3,300 years, the answer has been lost beneath the swirling sands of Egypt. If Dr Reeves is right - and if he is allowed to look behind the walls of Tutankhamun's tomb - we might uncover the fate of the most beautiful, betrayed wife in ancient history.

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