The term "sampler" comes from the Latin word exemplum, meaning an example to be followed, a pattern or a model. Pictorial samplers began life as plain samples of different stitches worked onto a single piece of fabric. A girl would add to it as she learned different needle work techniques, a standard part of her education.
By the mid 17th century, decorative samplers with borders were considered to be a mark of refinement. They were worked with horizontal bands of stitching, featuring letters, numbers and traditional motifs, such as the dove of peace. Later, poetry or religious quotations were added, and ornate borders became common.
The stitching of samplers was believed to be a sign of virtue, achievement and industry, and girls were taught the art from a young age. Samplers are still stitched today and are often worked to celebrate a joyous occasion, such as a birth or baptism.
In 1806 Hanner Passell stitched a sampler of fine coloured wool threads on linen. This sampler is very fragile and damaged, but you can still see her mistakes - she has not allowed enough room for the word "away" in the third line of the verse. The verse has a dire warning about wasting time:
Exonerate your mind of worldly cares
Spend each Lords Day in Spiritual Affairs
Such wretched souls as squander that aw[ay]
Repent it sorely at their dying Day