Container planting shows variety

ContainerGardening FLAIR: Container gardening suits many modern situations. PICTURE / SUPPLIED

Growing plants in containers presents gardeners with endless opportunities to express their imagination and flair. It is an interesting hobby and is great for people who live in townhouses, flats or home units. Potted plants are very decorative, especially if grown in attractive containers. They can be used to soften and beautify paved areas such as patios, decks, verandahs, balconies, courtyards, water gardens and pools or create a focal point in the garden. One of the best things about container grown plants is that they can be moved about from one place to another, provided they are not too heavy or awkward to handle. This way you can give plants a suitable microclimate to display and show them off when they are at their best. You can enhance entranceways or provide focal points whatever the size of your garden. Choices include a fragrant plant by the front door, a cheerful bowl of spring bulbs, an immaculate piece of topiary or why not grow something edible. You can grow almost any plant in a container, so whether you would like to brighten up a shady area or just provide some cool green relief from the hot sun, it's just a matter of choosing suitable plants for the particular conditions. Once you have decided which particular look or style appeals the next question is what sort of pot or container?
There is a superb range available to choose from. Containers come in all shapes and sizes. They are made out of many different materials and prices vary dramatically, mostly depend upon degree of difficulty with which they are created. Some of the types available are glazed earthenware (ceramic), terracotta, wooden containers or plastic pots. There are many objects which have outgrown their original use and are ideal containers for growing plants. Old troughs, cooking pots, coppers, wheelbarrows, baths, beach driftwood and pumice etc are often used. Even old disused boots and gumboots are seen occasionally supporting herbs or other healthy plants. If providing drainage holes presents a problem you can use a plastic pot inside raised on a small amount of gravel or chip stone and keep a check that they don't get waterlogged.
Situation and soil
To grow plants successfully in containers you must select the right plant for your situation. If it is a windy spot plants must be able to stand up to it. Sunlight and shade considerations are also important and will influence your choice of plants. Sun-loving plants including vegetables require at least four to five hours sunshine each day to grow successfully, so check the amount of sunshine before selecting plants that could turn out to be unsuitable. All containers must have good drainage otherwise your plants can become water logged. Most pots and tubs have one or several drainage holes 1-2cm in diameter. Ordinary garden soil is unsuitable for pots because it does not drain well and can set hard. Potting mixes available from garden centres etc are generally manufactured from pine bark and pumice and are open and porous. They are free of weed seed, soil pests and plant diseases. Always purchase a good quality potting mix to obtain the best results. In general, the more you pay for your potting mix the better the quality and the better the results will be. When potting up most plants it is best not to put a small plant in a huge pot. Plants just may not thrive in over-large containers and some plants prefer to be crowded. It is best to move a plant into a slightly larger pot when the previous one is full of roots. When potting, leave a margin between the soil level and the rim of the container. When watering fill this space slowly with water until it drains from the holes in the bottom of the container. A mulch of coarse metal (gravel), pebbles, bark chip or nuggets helps reduce evaporation and cools the surface soil.
Good drainage and frequent watering causes leaching of plant nutrient. Regular small amounts of fertiliser are needed to keep plants growing strongly. Always apply fertilisers to moist soil to avoid burning young roots. The water soluble fertilisers such as phostrogen, thrive and nitrosol are suitable for regular liquid feeds. Slow acting fertilisers such as acticote, osmocote or similar are suitable to provide nutrients over a long period. Always use fertilisers following the manufacturer's instructions on the label. Too much fertiliser can burn plants, especially if the potting mix dries out.
Vegetables in containers
It truly is amazing how much produce one can grow in containers. Most vegetables in containers will grow faster and have a shorter time to harvest than those grown in the garden. This is predominantly due to the higher soil temperature that a container maintains as the sun heats up the potting mix. Herbs have long been grown in containers somewhere close to the kitchen where they can be quickly chopped and added to the evening meal. More recently many are growing other vegetables. Lettuces are an easy starting point with four to six weeks to harvest of some 'fancy' leaf varieties. You only need a couple of pots and a small family can have lettuce every week. Tomatoes, capsicum, chillies and dwarf beans can all be successfully grown in containers. Plant sugar snap peas up some bamboo stakes in containers, silverbeet - the rainbow coloured variety is an eye catcher, spinach planted now should continue to produce through till spring. Even broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage can be grown in a decent sized trough. Smaller growing or 'mini' varieties are great for containers as they don't take up as much room and have a shorter time to maturity. The smaller size means these are great if you don't want to eat cabbage every day for a week.
Fruit in containers
Growing fruit trees in containers has become very popular. It gives a planting option when the garden is already full, can help contain the size of the plant and you can take it with you if you move.
A number of fruits that can be successfully grown in containers including dwarf peaches grafted on stem heights varying from 50-90cm and form a rounded topiary head. These beauties have magnificent spring blossoms and fruit prolifically from their first year.
Citrus make excellent container plants and fruit successfully. The secret is monthly fertilising along with daily watering in summer. Positioning in a warm sheltered location away from the prevailing wind is also important to ensure success. Bush growing fruits such as blueberries, Chilean guava, and cherry guava can all be successfully grown in containers.
Happy Gardening.
Gareth Carter is General Manager of Springvale Garden Centre.