Animal welfare with Jane Lacy-Hulbert: Should waste milk go to your calves?

Whatever you do, don't feed waste milk to bobby calves. Photo / File

Here's the lowdown on a traditional practice

Waste milk has traditionally been fed to calves to dispose of milk that can't be sent for supply, but is this a good idea?

With an increased focus on the responsible use of antibiotics, questions are being asked about waste milk's value as a feed source for calves, and the risks this practice might pose to the wider environment.

Waste (or 'red') milk is the milk produced by lactating cows when they're sick and receiving antimicrobial treatment for diseases such as mastitis. It also applies to the milk produced in the withholding period, which can be three to four days after treatment.

Bacterial growth and antibiotic resistance

Exposing a bacterial population (such as the calf's developing digestive tract) to low concentrations of antibiotics may encourage bacterial growth with existing resistance genes. It could also lead to other bacteria mutating and developing new ways to resist antibiotics.

The risk is that calves consuming this milk will shed antibiotic- resistant faecal bacteria into the environment. This could have unintended consequences for your calves, and for the future usefulness of the antibiotic.

This is backed up by a substantial review published in the European Union in 2017. The review found that shedding was more pronounced for younger calves (2-3 weeks old), compared with 6-7-week-old calves.

Fortunately, this shedding wasn't observed in calves fed colostrum from cows previously treated at dry-off with long-acting dry cow antibiotic products. Unfortunately, pasteurising waste milk won't deactivate the residues, as most antibiotics are heat-stable.

Calf health and growth

Although there are few studies on this aspect, it's likely that antibiotic residues would interfere with calves establishing good gut bacteria, or that pathogens and viruses from older, sick cows could infect the young calf. If there are more antibiotic-resistant bacteria present in the gut, these issues would be harder to control.

Although waste milk may be a convenient feed for calves, is it worth the risk for the health of the replacement calf, or to the environment?

One thing is certain — it cannot be fed to bobby calves, as the calf's gut is likely to absorb the antibiotic residues and cause the carcass to be rejected.

Find out more about calf care at dairynz.co.nz/calves

• Jane Lacy-Hulbert is a senior scientist with DairyNZ