NZ Herald
  • Home
  • Latest news
  • Video
  • New Zealand
  • Sport
  • World
  • Business
  • Entertainment
  • Podcasts
  • Quizzes
  • Opinion
  • Lifestyle
  • Travel
  • Viva
  • Weather forecasts

Subscriptions

  • Herald Premium
  • Viva Premium
  • The Listener
  • BusinessDesk

Sections

  • Latest news
  • New Zealand
    • All New Zealand
    • Crime
    • Politics
    • Education
    • Open Justice
    • Scam Update
    • The Great NZ Road Trip
  • On The Up
  • World
    • All World
    • Australia
    • Asia
    • UK
    • United States
    • Middle East
    • Europe
    • Pacific
  • Business
    • All Business
    • MarketsSharesCurrencyCommoditiesStock TakesCrypto
    • Markets with Madison
    • Media Insider
    • Business analysis
    • Personal financeKiwiSaverInterest ratesTaxInvestment
    • EconomyInflationGDPOfficial cash rateEmployment
    • Small business
    • Business reportsMood of the BoardroomProject AucklandSustainable business and financeCapital markets reportAgribusiness reportInfrastructure reportDynamic business
    • Deloitte Top 200 Awards
    • CompaniesAged CareAgribusinessAirlinesBanking and financeConstructionEnergyFreight and logisticsHealthcareManufacturingMedia and MarketingRetailTelecommunicationsTourism
  • Opinion
    • All Opinion
    • Analysis
    • Editorials
    • Business analysis
    • Premium opinion
    • Letters to the editor
  • Sport
    • All Sport
    • OlympicsParalympics
    • RugbySuper RugbyNPCAll BlacksBlack FernsRugby sevensSchool rugby
    • CricketBlack CapsWhite Ferns
    • Racing
    • NetballSilver Ferns
    • LeagueWarriorsNRL
    • FootballWellington PhoenixAuckland FCAll WhitesFootball FernsEnglish Premier League
    • GolfNZ Open
    • MotorsportFormula 1
    • Boxing
    • UFC
    • BasketballNBABreakersTall BlacksTall Ferns
    • Tennis
    • Cycling
    • Athletics
    • SailingAmerica's CupSailGP
    • Rowing
  • Lifestyle
    • All Lifestyle
    • Viva - Food, fashion & beauty
    • Society Insider
    • Royals
    • Sex & relationships
    • Food & drinkRecipesRecipe collectionsRestaurant reviewsRestaurant bookings
    • Health & wellbeing
    • Fashion & beauty
    • Pets & animals
    • The Selection - Shop the trendsShop fashionShop beautyShop entertainmentShop giftsShop home & living
    • Milford's Investing Place
  • Entertainment
    • All Entertainment
    • TV
    • MoviesMovie reviews
    • MusicMusic reviews
    • BooksBook reviews
    • Culture
    • ReviewsBook reviewsMovie reviewsMusic reviewsRestaurant reviews
  • Travel
    • All Travel
    • News
    • New ZealandNorthlandAucklandWellingtonCanterburyOtago / QueenstownNelson-TasmanBest NZ beaches
    • International travelAustraliaPacific IslandsEuropeUKUSAAfricaAsia
    • Rail holidays
    • Cruise holidays
    • Ski holidays
    • Luxury travel
    • Adventure travel
  • Kāhu Māori news
  • Environment
    • All Environment
    • Our Green Future
  • Talanoa Pacific news
  • Property
    • All Property
    • Property Insider
    • Interest rates tracker
    • Residential property listings
    • Commercial property listings
  • Health
  • Technology
    • All Technology
    • AI
    • Social media
  • Rural
    • All Rural
    • Dairy farming
    • Sheep & beef farming
    • Horticulture
    • Animal health
    • Rural business
    • Rural life
    • Rural technology
    • Opinion
    • Audio & podcasts
  • Weather forecasts
    • All Weather forecasts
    • Kaitaia
    • Whangārei
    • Dargaville
    • Auckland
    • Thames
    • Tauranga
    • Hamilton
    • Whakatāne
    • Rotorua
    • Tokoroa
    • Te Kuiti
    • Taumaranui
    • Taupō
    • Gisborne
    • New Plymouth
    • Napier
    • Hastings
    • Dannevirke
    • Whanganui
    • Palmerston North
    • Levin
    • Paraparaumu
    • Masterton
    • Wellington
    • Motueka
    • Nelson
    • Blenheim
    • Westport
    • Reefton
    • Kaikōura
    • Greymouth
    • Hokitika
    • Christchurch
    • Ashburton
    • Timaru
    • Wānaka
    • Oamaru
    • Queenstown
    • Dunedin
    • Gore
    • Invercargill
  • Meet the journalists
  • Promotions & competitions
  • OneRoof property listings
  • Driven car news

Puzzles & Quizzes

  • Puzzles
    • All Puzzles
    • Sudoku
    • Code Cracker
    • Crosswords
    • Cryptic crossword
    • Wordsearch
  • Quizzes
    • All Quizzes
    • Morning quiz
    • Afternoon quiz
    • Sports quiz

Regions

  • Northland
    • All Northland
    • Far North
    • Kaitaia
    • Kerikeri
    • Kaikohe
    • Bay of Islands
    • Whangarei
    • Dargaville
    • Kaipara
    • Mangawhai
  • Auckland
  • Waikato
    • All Waikato
    • Hamilton
    • Coromandel & Hauraki
    • Matamata & Piako
    • Cambridge
    • Te Awamutu
    • Tokoroa & South Waikato
    • Taupō & Tūrangi
  • Bay of Plenty
    • All Bay of Plenty
    • Katikati
    • Tauranga
    • Mount Maunganui
    • Pāpāmoa
    • Te Puke
    • Whakatāne
  • Rotorua
  • Hawke's Bay
    • All Hawke's Bay
    • Napier
    • Hastings
    • Havelock North
    • Central Hawke's Bay
    • Wairoa
  • Taranaki
    • All Taranaki
    • Stratford
    • New Plymouth
    • Hāwera
  • Manawatū - Whanganui
    • All Manawatū - Whanganui
    • Whanganui
    • Palmerston North
    • Manawatū
    • Tararua
    • Horowhenua
  • Wellington
    • All Wellington
    • Kapiti
    • Wairarapa
    • Upper Hutt
    • Lower Hutt
  • Nelson & Tasman
    • All Nelson & Tasman
    • Motueka
    • Nelson
    • Tasman
  • Marlborough
  • West Coast
  • Canterbury
    • All Canterbury
    • Kaikōura
    • Christchurch
    • Ashburton
    • Timaru
  • Otago
    • All Otago
    • Oamaru
    • Dunedin
    • Balclutha
    • Alexandra
    • Queenstown
    • Wanaka
  • Southland
    • All Southland
    • Invercargill
    • Gore
    • Stewart Island
  • Gisborne

Media

  • Video
    • All Video
    • NZ news video
    • Business news video
    • Politics news video
    • Sport video
    • World news video
    • Lifestyle video
    • Entertainment video
    • Travel video
    • Markets with Madison
    • Kea Kids news
  • Podcasts
    • All Podcasts
    • The Front Page
    • On the Tiles
    • Ask me Anything
    • The Little Things
    • Cooking the Books
  • Cartoons
  • Photo galleries
  • Today's Paper - E-editions
  • Photo sales
  • Classifieds

NZME Network

  • Advertise with NZME
  • OneRoof
  • Driven Car Guide
  • BusinessDesk
  • Newstalk ZB
  • What the Actual
  • Sunlive
  • ZM
  • The Hits
  • Coast
  • Radio Hauraki
  • The Alternative Commentary Collective
  • Gold
  • Flava
  • iHeart Radio
  • Hokonui
  • Radio Wanaka
  • iHeartCountry New Zealand
  • Restaurant Hub
  • NZME Events

SubscribeSign In
Advertisement
Advertise with NZME.
Home / Business

Brian Fallow: Govt reaps what it sows

Brian Fallow
By Brian Fallow
Columnist·NZ Herald·
19 Feb, 2015 04:00 PM6 mins to read

Subscribe to listen

Access to Herald Premium articles require a Premium subscription. Subscribe now to listen.
Already a subscriber?  Sign in here

Listening to articles is free for open-access content—explore other articles or learn more about text-to-speech.
‌
Save

    Share this article

As the 2020s approach, New Zealand's 'Kyoto' forests will become a carbon liability, not an asset. Photo / Glenn Taylor

As the 2020s approach, New Zealand's 'Kyoto' forests will become a carbon liability, not an asset. Photo / Glenn Taylor

Brian Fallow
Opinion by Brian Fallow
Brian Fallow is a former economics editor of The New Zealand Herald
Learn more
Forest planting is falling. Blame the people who keep changing the rules

Forestry investors are delivering a clear vote of no confidence in Government policy, in an area critical for New Zealand's response to climate change.

The Ministry for Primary Industries' annual survey of forestry seedling sales makes grim reading.

Every spring, MPI surveys the nurseries to get an indication of planting. Last year's results, released two weeks ago, record a 6 per cent drop on 2013 levels and a 30 per cent fall from 2012.

It represents, MPI reckons, 43,000ha of replanting and 3000ha of new planting (afforestation). Those 3000ha are just 0.3 per cent of the 1 million ha commonly cited as the area of land which could be afforested at little opportunity cost - often with considerable environmental co-benefits.

Advertisement
Advertise with NZME.
Advertisement
Advertise with NZME.

And when nursery managers were asked about their expectations for sales this year, nine of the 20 who responded expected them to be lower than last year and only two expected sales to be higher.

So why might that be, and why should we care?

The reason it matters is clear from the chart, taken from New Zealand's submission to the annual global climate change conference held in Lima in December.

Our gross emissions are projected to be 25 per cent above 1990 levels by 2020, a figure starkly at odds with our unconditional pledge to cut emissions to 5 per cent below 1990 levels, on average, over 2013-2020.

So far New Zealand has been able to get away with that yawning gap - that chasm - because the international carbon accounting rules allow us to claim credits for carbon dioxide taken out of the atmosphere by the trees in "Kyoto" forests, those planted since 1989 on land not previously forested.

But only while the trees are growing. When they are harvested the carbon is deemed to be emitted.

Discover more

Opinion

Brian Fallow: Some productivity gains flowing to labour as well as capital in NZ

04 Feb 04:00 PM
Opinion

Brian Fallow: Key dodges funding issue

06 Feb 12:54 AM
Opinion

Brian Fallow: It's just crude guesswork

12 Feb 04:00 PM
Opinion

Brian Fallow: Retail sales reveal healthy pulse and savings rates also positive

16 Feb 04:00 PM

The problem is that the big surge in afforestation occurred in the 1990s and as we approach the 2020s, with those forests increasingly ready for harvest, the supply of offset credits is dwindling.

Around 2020 the Kyoto forest estate will flip from being a carbon sink to a source, adding to net emissions, not reducing them.

Advertisement
Advertise with NZME.

We will won't be able to hide underlying emissions growth behind the trees any more. That will happen at precisely the time a post-2020 emissions target more ambitious than 5 per cent below 1990 is expected of New Zealand, as part of the climate treaty due to be negotiated in Paris next December.

It is already too late to do much about the 2020s.

We will just have to accept some combination of an embarrassingly weak, reputationally damaging post-2020 target and the economic cost of having to buy carbon credits from somewhere to cover the inevitable overshoot.

But that still leaves the fact that one of the most useful things New Zealand can do over the coming decades to mitigate our net impact on the global greenhouse gas level is to have an expanding forest estate.

It is not a permanent fix but it buys time while we switch to electric cars or biofuels, and figure out how to get cows to emit genteel ladylike burps instead of volcanic eructations of methane.

Which is why it is unfortunate - nay, perverse - that policymakers keep changing the rules on forest owners in an industry which, more than any other, needs stable, credible, reliable policy settings.

Advertisement
Advertise with NZME.

Seedling sales were strong in 2011 and 2012, averaging 70 million, before falling to 54 million in 2013 and 51 million last year.

The decline cannot be explained by the signals from forest product export prices.

Rather, what changed was carbon pricing, following the Government's ill-judged decision to allow New Zealand emitters unrestricted use of cheap imported carbon credits for compliance purposes under the emissions trading scheme, crowding out the New Zealand units (NZUs) issued to forest owners, whose price dropped like a stone.

Forest owners protested, to no avail.

The Government's action created an arbitrage opportunity in the substantial price differential between emission reduction units (ERUs) imported from places like Ukraine, and NZUs which, though worth a lot less than they had been, were still trading for a multiple of the few cents a tonne at which you could buy ERUs.

But when some forest owners took advantage of the arbitrage opportunity the Government had opened up, by opting out of the scheme and using ERUs to square accounts with the Crown, it responded with unheralded Budget-night legislation which, in effect, retrospectively expropriated them of securities they had lawfully purchased.

Advertisement
Advertise with NZME.

The particular rort that Budget-night legislation addressed is called reregistration arbitrage. It is the ability for foresters to game the system by registering (and collecting NZUs), then deregistering (surrendering ERUs and pocketing the difference) and then registering the same land again to repeat the process.

The legislation required post-1989 forest owners to use only NZUs when deregistering from the scheme.

It left unscathed the big end of town - smokestack emitters and oil companies exploiting the same arbitrage. The Government attempted to justify the discrimination on the grounds that the ETS gives foresters the opportunity for multiple use of the arbitrage by opting out and then back into the ETS, which other participants cannot do.

However, forest owners who simply seek to exit the scheme for good not only face a higher barrier to exit but are stuck with ERUs which are effectively worthless.

That is because emitters knew they would be able to use ERUs for compliance purposes only until next May because the Government had managed to get New Zealand excluded from international carbon markets.

The Forest Owners Association has suggested a couple of ways last May's hastily enacted legislation could be replaced by a measure that would target the loophole but avoid the collateral damage to innocent parties who just wanted out of a scheme they no longer have confidence in. It has received the ministerial brush-off.

Advertisement
Advertise with NZME.

The Government does not want to be, to even a limited extent, on the wrong end of an arbitrage which it, after all, created.

No wonder forestry investors are unimpressed. The rest of us shouldn't be either.

Save

    Share this article

Latest from Business

Premium
Media Insider

Noise ban, off-limit interviews: TVNZ's rules as RNZ moves in; Ad agencies take aim at global merger

09 May 10:58 AM
Premium
Tourism

'Nothing was going to stop me': Pioneer who built ski resort from scratch sells up

09 May 07:00 AM
Premium
Shares

Market close: NZ sharemarket rises as gentailers make gains

09 May 06:03 AM

“Not an invisible footprint”: Why technology supply chains need optimising

sponsored
Advertisement
Advertise with NZME.

Latest from Business

Premium
Noise ban, off-limit interviews: TVNZ's rules as RNZ moves in; Ad agencies take aim at global merger

Noise ban, off-limit interviews: TVNZ's rules as RNZ moves in; Ad agencies take aim at global merger

09 May 10:58 AM

Untimely deaths of 3 respected NZ journalists; NZME set to take on Trade Me for car sales.

Premium
'Nothing was going to stop me': Pioneer who built ski resort from scratch sells up

'Nothing was going to stop me': Pioneer who built ski resort from scratch sells up

09 May 07:00 AM
Premium
Market close: NZ sharemarket rises as gentailers make gains

Market close: NZ sharemarket rises as gentailers make gains

09 May 06:03 AM
Premium
'Very happy': Jim Grenon to join NZME board with Steven Joyce in peace deal that ends bitter battle

'Very happy': Jim Grenon to join NZME board with Steven Joyce in peace deal that ends bitter battle

09 May 05:42 AM
Deposit scheme reduces risk, boosts trust – General Finance
sponsored

Deposit scheme reduces risk, boosts trust – General Finance

NZ Herald
  • About NZ Herald
  • Meet the journalists
  • Newsletters
  • Classifieds
  • Help & support
  • Contact us
  • House rules
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of use
  • Competition terms & conditions
  • Our use of AI
Subscriber Services
  • NZ Herald e-editions
  • Daily puzzles & quizzes
  • Manage your digital subscription
  • Manage your print subscription
  • Subscribe to the NZ Herald newspaper
  • Subscribe to Herald Premium
  • Gift a subscription
  • Subscriber FAQs
  • Subscription terms & conditions
  • Promotions and subscriber benefits
NZME Network
  • The New Zealand Herald
  • The Northland Age
  • The Northern Advocate
  • Waikato Herald
  • Bay of Plenty Times
  • Rotorua Daily Post
  • Hawke's Bay Today
  • Whanganui Chronicle
  • Viva
  • NZ Listener
  • What the Actual
  • Newstalk ZB
  • BusinessDesk
  • OneRoof
  • Driven CarGuide
  • iHeart Radio
  • Restaurant Hub
NZME
  • About NZME
  • NZME careers
  • Advertise with NZME
  • Digital self-service advertising
  • Book your classified ad
  • Photo sales
  • NZME Events
  • © Copyright 2025 NZME Publishing Limited
TOP