"Having struggled with concussion and 11 surgeries later, the old body has let me know.
"Rugby has given me the opportunity to travel the world, make lifelong friends and create some incredible memories. I feel very fortunate to have played for some great teams, alongside some of the world's best players.
"I want to thank everyone who has had an influence on my career and acknowledge all of those who our paths have crossed on this pretty cool journey."
Bowden amassed 96 points in 27 appearances for Northland, where he returned in 2015 to play for one season.
The first five also has a successful career in Europe, playing for London Irish, Leicester Tigers and Bath.