Trees, waste tipped to be future fuels

Within 30 years, more than a quarter of New Zealand's energy needs and nearly a third of its transport fuels could come from energy crops and materials that are currently wasted, says an energy analyst.
"Wood pellet burners are growing rapidly in popularity and companies around the country are increasingly using biodiesel in their vehicle fleets. But these are just the first baby steps of what will become one of the country's biggest industries," said Bioenergy Association (BANZ) chairman Rob Mallinson.
"The processing plants needed to convert fuel crops and wastes from pine plantations into vehicle fuels will alone require an investment of around $6 billion."
At last week's release of the country's first bioenergy strategy in Wellington, he said bioenergy had the potential to make a greater contribution to economic growth than many other industries.
"It will provide new and profitable income streams for land and forest owners and new sources of sustainable energy for consumers and industries. But at present, it barely features on the national radar.
"Undoubtedly, bioenergy in its various forms will one day replace much of the fossil energy we use today, but in the short-term fossil fuels are cheaper. We therefore need leadership from government to give investors and customers the confidence they need to commit to new technologies and fuels.
"With the right policies, 25 per cent of New Zealand's energy needs will come from biofuels by 2040, giving us energy resilience as well as a real competitive advantage. Without them, we estimate the figure will be less than 10 per cent, including very little transport fuel.
"On the reasonable assumption that by 2040 fossil fuels will be very much more expensive than they are now - and their use much less acceptable in overseas markets - the failure to capitalise on our outstanding bioenergy opportunities would cost our country dearly."
The strategy calls for the Government to lead by example - such as by directing schools and hospitals to use wood-based fuels for heating and for government vehicle fleets to convert to biofuels. The emission trading scheme should send price signals that favour sustainable energy options and there should be an assurance that the Biodiesel Grants Scheme will continue.
The strategy is co-authored by the Bioenergy and Forest Owners Associations and has the support of the key organisations involved in the forestry sector.
Forest Owners Association chief executive David Rhodes said New Zealand had large tracts of land suitable for growing energy crops.
"Wider use of bioenergy has the potential to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and imported oil, improve national energy security, provide new jobs and reduce carbon emissions by around 4.5 million tonnes a year. It will also strengthen the country's clean-green credentials in food, fibre and tourism markets.
"Most impressively, these benefits will largely arise from the better use of land that is today under-utilised and from plant materials that largely go to waste."
Of all New Zealand's biofuel resources, woody biomass - from forests grown both for wood and fuel - has the highest potential for wealth creation. Agricultural sources include crops like canola, grasses such as miscanthus and residues such as straws, poultry litter and dairy and piggery effluent.
Municipal, agricultural and industrial residues and wastes may be burned to produce useful heat or digested to produce methane, and algae can create a feedstock for biodiesel production.
The New Zealand Bioenergy Strategy is authored by the Bioenergy Association of New Zealand and the Forest Owners Associations.