NZ Herald
  • Home
  • Latest news
  • Video
  • New Zealand
  • Sport
  • World
  • Business
  • Entertainment
  • Podcasts
  • Quizzes
  • Opinion
  • Lifestyle
  • Travel
  • Viva
  • Weather forecasts

Subscriptions

  • Herald Premium
  • Viva Premium
  • The Listener
  • BusinessDesk

Sections

  • Latest news
  • New Zealand
    • All New Zealand
    • Crime
    • Politics
    • Education
    • Open Justice
    • Scam Update
    • The Great NZ Road Trip
  • On The Up
  • World
    • All World
    • Australia
    • Asia
    • UK
    • United States
    • Middle East
    • Europe
    • Pacific
  • Business
    • All Business
    • MarketsSharesCurrencyCommoditiesStock TakesCrypto
    • Markets with Madison
    • Media Insider
    • Business analysis
    • Personal financeKiwiSaverInterest ratesTaxInvestment
    • EconomyInflationGDPOfficial cash rateEmployment
    • Small business
    • Business reportsMood of the BoardroomProject AucklandSustainable business and financeCapital markets reportAgribusiness reportInfrastructure reportDynamic business
    • Deloitte Top 200 Awards
    • CompaniesAged CareAgribusinessAirlinesBanking and financeConstructionEnergyFreight and logisticsHealthcareManufacturingMedia and MarketingRetailTelecommunicationsTourism
  • Opinion
    • All Opinion
    • Analysis
    • Editorials
    • Business analysis
    • Premium opinion
    • Letters to the editor
  • Sport
    • All Sport
    • OlympicsParalympics
    • RugbySuper RugbyNPCAll BlacksBlack FernsRugby sevensSchool rugby
    • CricketBlack CapsWhite Ferns
    • Racing
    • NetballSilver Ferns
    • LeagueWarriorsNRL
    • FootballWellington PhoenixAuckland FCAll WhitesFootball FernsEnglish Premier League
    • GolfNZ Open
    • MotorsportFormula 1
    • Boxing
    • UFC
    • BasketballNBABreakersTall BlacksTall Ferns
    • Tennis
    • Cycling
    • Athletics
    • SailingAmerica's CupSailGP
    • Rowing
  • Lifestyle
    • All Lifestyle
    • Viva - Food, fashion & beauty
    • Society Insider
    • Royals
    • Sex & relationships
    • Food & drinkRecipesRecipe collectionsRestaurant reviewsRestaurant bookings
    • Health & wellbeing
    • Fashion & beauty
    • Pets & animals
    • The Selection - Shop the trendsShop fashionShop beautyShop entertainmentShop giftsShop home & living
    • Milford's Investing Place
  • Entertainment
    • All Entertainment
    • TV
    • MoviesMovie reviews
    • MusicMusic reviews
    • BooksBook reviews
    • Culture
    • ReviewsBook reviewsMovie reviewsMusic reviewsRestaurant reviews
  • Travel
    • All Travel
    • News
    • New ZealandNorthlandAucklandWellingtonCanterburyOtago / QueenstownNelson-TasmanBest NZ beaches
    • International travelAustraliaPacific IslandsEuropeUKUSAAfricaAsia
    • Rail holidays
    • Cruise holidays
    • Ski holidays
    • Luxury travel
    • Adventure travel
  • Kāhu Māori news
  • Environment
    • All Environment
    • Our Green Future
  • Talanoa Pacific news
  • Property
    • All Property
    • Property Insider
    • Interest rates tracker
    • Residential property listings
    • Commercial property listings
  • Health
  • Technology
    • All Technology
    • AI
    • Social media
  • Rural
    • All Rural
    • Dairy farming
    • Sheep & beef farming
    • Horticulture
    • Animal health
    • Rural business
    • Rural life
    • Rural technology
    • Opinion
    • Audio & podcasts
  • Weather forecasts
    • All Weather forecasts
    • Kaitaia
    • Whangārei
    • Dargaville
    • Auckland
    • Thames
    • Tauranga
    • Hamilton
    • Whakatāne
    • Rotorua
    • Tokoroa
    • Te Kuiti
    • Taumaranui
    • Taupō
    • Gisborne
    • New Plymouth
    • Napier
    • Hastings
    • Dannevirke
    • Whanganui
    • Palmerston North
    • Levin
    • Paraparaumu
    • Masterton
    • Wellington
    • Motueka
    • Nelson
    • Blenheim
    • Westport
    • Reefton
    • Kaikōura
    • Greymouth
    • Hokitika
    • Christchurch
    • Ashburton
    • Timaru
    • Wānaka
    • Oamaru
    • Queenstown
    • Dunedin
    • Gore
    • Invercargill
  • Meet the journalists
  • Promotions & competitions
  • OneRoof property listings
  • Driven car news

Puzzles & Quizzes

  • Puzzles
    • All Puzzles
    • Sudoku
    • Code Cracker
    • Crosswords
    • Cryptic crossword
    • Wordsearch
  • Quizzes
    • All Quizzes
    • Morning quiz
    • Afternoon quiz
    • Sports quiz

Regions

  • Northland
    • All Northland
    • Far North
    • Kaitaia
    • Kerikeri
    • Kaikohe
    • Bay of Islands
    • Whangarei
    • Dargaville
    • Kaipara
    • Mangawhai
  • Auckland
  • Waikato
    • All Waikato
    • Hamilton
    • Coromandel & Hauraki
    • Matamata & Piako
    • Cambridge
    • Te Awamutu
    • Tokoroa & South Waikato
    • Taupō & Tūrangi
  • Bay of Plenty
    • All Bay of Plenty
    • Katikati
    • Tauranga
    • Mount Maunganui
    • Pāpāmoa
    • Te Puke
    • Whakatāne
  • Rotorua
  • Hawke's Bay
    • All Hawke's Bay
    • Napier
    • Hastings
    • Havelock North
    • Central Hawke's Bay
    • Wairoa
  • Taranaki
    • All Taranaki
    • Stratford
    • New Plymouth
    • Hāwera
  • Manawatū - Whanganui
    • All Manawatū - Whanganui
    • Whanganui
    • Palmerston North
    • Manawatū
    • Tararua
    • Horowhenua
  • Wellington
    • All Wellington
    • Kapiti
    • Wairarapa
    • Upper Hutt
    • Lower Hutt
  • Nelson & Tasman
    • All Nelson & Tasman
    • Motueka
    • Nelson
    • Tasman
  • Marlborough
  • West Coast
  • Canterbury
    • All Canterbury
    • Kaikōura
    • Christchurch
    • Ashburton
    • Timaru
  • Otago
    • All Otago
    • Oamaru
    • Dunedin
    • Balclutha
    • Alexandra
    • Queenstown
    • Wanaka
  • Southland
    • All Southland
    • Invercargill
    • Gore
    • Stewart Island
  • Gisborne

Media

  • Video
    • All Video
    • NZ news video
    • Business news video
    • Politics news video
    • Sport video
    • World news video
    • Lifestyle video
    • Entertainment video
    • Travel video
    • Markets with Madison
    • Kea Kids news
  • Podcasts
    • All Podcasts
    • The Front Page
    • On the Tiles
    • Ask me Anything
    • The Little Things
    • Cooking the Books
  • Cartoons
  • Photo galleries
  • Today's Paper - E-editions
  • Photo sales
  • Classifieds

NZME Network

  • Advertise with NZME
  • OneRoof
  • Driven Car Guide
  • BusinessDesk
  • Newstalk ZB
  • What the Actual
  • Sunlive
  • ZM
  • The Hits
  • Coast
  • Radio Hauraki
  • The Alternative Commentary Collective
  • Gold
  • Flava
  • iHeart Radio
  • Hokonui
  • Radio Wanaka
  • iHeartCountry New Zealand
  • Restaurant Hub
  • NZME Events

SubscribeSign In
Advertisement
Advertise with NZME.
Home / Business / Economy

John Roughan: Salute bold few who were right on money

John Roughan
By John Roughan
Opinion Writer·NZ Herald·
10 Apr, 2015 05:00 PM4 mins to read

Subscribe to listen

Access to Herald Premium articles require a Premium subscription. Subscribe now to listen.
Already a subscriber?  Sign in here

Listening to articles is free for open-access content—explore other articles or learn more about text-to-speech.
‌
Save

    Share this article

Nobody under the age of 40 will have the slightest conception of import licensing. Photo / Thinkstock

Nobody under the age of 40 will have the slightest conception of import licensing. Photo / Thinkstock

John Roughan
Opinion by John Roughan
Former editorial writer and columnist, NZ Herald
Learn more

Parity with Aussie dollar down to politicians who fought for change

As luck would have it, I'm in Australia today, exchanging a dollar that is as near as doesn't matter to parity. It feels like confirmation of something that is still a little hard to believe for those of us who grew up in the old economy.

For everyone else, it probably feels unremarkable. They have never known a dollar that wasn't floating, inflation that wasn't a worry, industries shielded from competition, a budget that wasn't balanced across a business cycle, an economy that couldn't coast fairly comfortably through global crises.

Amid all the chatter of parity this week, I heard not a word of credit given to those who changed the country. I don't need to mention their names and I'd rather not, because most were distant, abrasive personalities and politics since has been more pleasant.

But that, too, is a result of the courage of Sir Roger Douglas, David Caygill, Richard Prebble, Ruth Richardson and Dame Jenny Shipley. How long will it be before they get the credit they are due?

Advertisement
Advertise with NZME.
Advertisement
Advertise with NZME.

More than 30 years have passed since they took the first steps, more than 20 years since the "pain" had largely passed. That extraordinary decade, 1984-94, is still waiting for history to do it proud.

The principal actors are probably not waiting. They know the only politicians who get fair recognition are dead. Yet the more time that passes, fewer will remember New Zealand the way it was.

Nobody under the age of 40 will have the slightest conception of import licensing. It probably sounds like a health and safety precaution. In fact it was a fortress against competition, limiting the number of companies permitted to bring in manufactured goods or components for assembly here.

The number was set to avoid "cut-throat competition" and ensured that all of them could set prices that covered whatever costs they met, especially wage rates negotiated by the union their staff had to join.

They were literally licences to make money, to set prices at cost plus a profit. Knowing this, suppliers were able to charge on the same basis. Wages were fixed at the same level for all firms in the same industry and increased in line with national guidelines.

Nevertheless, there were always strikes, usually over a trifling condition or a demarcation issue but really to reinforce an attitude of class struggle. They would end in arbitration where the union would be awarded half its claim.

Discover more

Opinion

John Roughan: No shock and awe in Nicky Hager's revelations

06 Mar 04:00 PM
Opinion

John Roughan: Bless those who retain their native trees

13 Mar 04:00 PM
Opinion

John Roughan: Key can be too candid for our own good

20 Mar 04:00 PM
Opinion

John Roughan: Spying on WTO justified by economic ambitions

27 Mar 04:00 PM

It was a comfortable little fortress for everyone unless you worried about its sustainability. Britain had joined Europe, exports receipts were not covering imports, inflation was rising with oil prices and unemployment had arrived.

Around 1980 the world was catching on to a new prescription against inflation and sickly economies. Monetarism and competitive markets could be the answer.

Advertisement
Advertise with NZME.

There were many in the New Zealand's Treasury and a few in its National Government who agreed. One or two ministers even put some liberal economics into effect. George Gair, Minister of Transport, deregulated long haulage, allowing trucks to compete with the state railway. Trade and Industry Minister Hugh Templeton negotiated "closer economic relations" with Australia.

But it was a struggle. Prime Minister and Finance Minister Sir Robert Muldoon kept Treasury advice to himself as he finally resorted to a total economic freeze.

Business lobbies, reluctant to give up the comforts of licensing and controls, sensed where the wind was blowing. National's would-be liberalisers cheered one day when the Manufacturers Federation issued a statement of tentative support for replacing import licensing with tariff protection "in principle".

That was the pace of progress, and that would have remained the pace of progress -- too slow for the public to notice -- but for a snap election and a run on the currency.

Afterwards, there were some in the press gallery who claimed to have been aware that economic liberals had been stirring in the Labour caucus too, but I wasn't. I remember interviewing Caygill about the likely fate of transport deregulation and other industry reforms if, as was likely, Labour won.

Caygill gently dispelled my assumption that Labour would reverse these things without committing himself to much more.

Advertisement
Advertise with NZME.

When the history of all this is properly written we might learn how much, if any, of what happened was premeditated. I suspect very little. The exchange crisis sparked everything that followed. The Treasury presented a young intelligent Cabinet with a coherent reading of the country's economic paralysis and they set about the cure.

The pace they moved was breathtaking for those of us covering it. It is easy now to say it was too fast, too cruel for the sector that lost protection so quickly. Don't ever believe it.

Had they not crashed through we would still be listening to the Manufacturers' Federation "in principle".

They did it.

Save

    Share this article

Latest from Economy

Premium
Opinion

Liam Dann: ‘Perfect storm’ for flat whites - what surging food prices mean for the economy

17 May 05:00 PM
Premium
Opinion

Ryan Bridge: I hereby request a pay equity claim for NZ v Aus

17 May 05:00 PM
Premium
Tourism

How Christchurch's new stadium is redefining event hospitality

17 May 01:00 AM

The Hire A Hubby hero turning handyman stereotypes on their head

sponsored
Advertisement
Advertise with NZME.

Latest from Economy

Premium
Liam Dann: ‘Perfect storm’ for flat whites - what surging food prices mean for the economy

Liam Dann: ‘Perfect storm’ for flat whites - what surging food prices mean for the economy

17 May 05:00 PM

Butter, cheese, coffee...do rising food prices signal the return of high inflation?

Premium
Ryan Bridge: I hereby request a pay equity claim for NZ v Aus

Ryan Bridge: I hereby request a pay equity claim for NZ v Aus

17 May 05:00 PM
Premium
How Christchurch's new stadium is redefining event hospitality

How Christchurch's new stadium is redefining event hospitality

17 May 01:00 AM
Premium
Steven Joyce: Why it's time to scrutinise Fonterra's role in rising food prices

Steven Joyce: Why it's time to scrutinise Fonterra's role in rising food prices

16 May 11:00 PM
Gold demand soars amid global turmoil
sponsored

Gold demand soars amid global turmoil

NZ Herald
  • About NZ Herald
  • Meet the journalists
  • Newsletters
  • Classifieds
  • Help & support
  • Contact us
  • House rules
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of use
  • Competition terms & conditions
  • Our use of AI
Subscriber Services
  • NZ Herald e-editions
  • Daily puzzles & quizzes
  • Manage your digital subscription
  • Manage your print subscription
  • Subscribe to the NZ Herald newspaper
  • Subscribe to Herald Premium
  • Gift a subscription
  • Subscriber FAQs
  • Subscription terms & conditions
  • Promotions and subscriber benefits
NZME Network
  • The New Zealand Herald
  • The Northland Age
  • The Northern Advocate
  • Waikato Herald
  • Bay of Plenty Times
  • Rotorua Daily Post
  • Hawke's Bay Today
  • Whanganui Chronicle
  • Viva
  • NZ Listener
  • What the Actual
  • Newstalk ZB
  • BusinessDesk
  • OneRoof
  • Driven CarGuide
  • iHeart Radio
  • Restaurant Hub
NZME
  • About NZME
  • NZME careers
  • Advertise with NZME
  • Digital self-service advertising
  • Book your classified ad
  • Photo sales
  • NZME Events
  • © Copyright 2025 NZME Publishing Limited
TOP