Dr Revell said a number of key ingredients were required for a thunderstorm.
The first is air lifting off the ground, and an initial trigger is needed to start the process.
"Often the sun's heating of the land is enough. The warmed land heats the air immediately in contact with it and, as we learned at school, warm air rises. This is known as convection," Dr Revell said.
A good supply of moisture at low levels is also essential. As the air rises, it cools and becomes less able to hold any moisture it contains.
"If it is sufficiently humid, the rising air will eventually cool to saturation point and clouds will form," Dr Revell said.
Instability in the lower levels of the atmosphere, or troposphere, will help the clouds develop into active thunderstorms, Dr Revell said.
"That means the parcel of lifted, saturated air remains warmer, and hence less dense, than its surroundings, so is able to keep on rising," he said.
The convection process begins when the sun rises and starts to heat the land. Thunderstorms are usually ready to break by about mid-afternoon.
Lightning and thunder are the defining characteristics of a thunderstorm. Lightning begins when an electrical charge is built up within a cloud, due to static electricity generated by super-cooled water droplets colliding with ice crystals near freezing levels.
"When a large enough charge is built up, a large discharge will occur and can be seen as lightning. Thunder is the shockwave caused by the sudden expansion of a narrow channel of air, as it is superheated by the lightning passing through it," Dr Revell said.
The conditions that favour summer thunderstorm formation happen most often inland, where heating is strongest, and over high ground. The North Island's Central Plateau and ranges, the upper Canterbury plains and the South Island high country are prime breeding grounds. At other locations, such as Auckland, local sea breeze convergence plays a key role.