On Saturday, Trump met at Camp David to discuss Afghanistan strategy with more than a dozen aides, including Mattis, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, National Security Adviser H.R. McMaster and Vice-President Mike Pence.
After the briefing, White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said Trump was "studying and considering his options". Then Trump tweeted that at Camp David, "many decisions [were] made, including on Afghanistan".
A variety of options have been under consideration, including sending about 3800 more troops to augment the 8400 already there to train and assist local forces. Another option Mattis has mentioned is to replace US troops with private contractors.
But any proposal to reinforce the US presence there is certain to meet resistance.
Senator Benjamin Cardin of Maryland, the ranking Democrat on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, said on Fox News Sunday that he will oppose sending more troops.
"I don't believe putting more American soldiers in Afghanistan is the answer," he said, arguing that a stable government in the country should be the goal.
Trump has given Mattis authority to set troop levels in the country, but Mattis has been waiting for Trump to decide a strategic focus before he sends any more troops.
Trump has expressed frustration over the lack of a clear way forward as the war drags into its 16th year. After the attacks on the Pentagon and World Trade Centre in 2001, the United States sent in troops to oust the Taliban government because it sheltered the operation's mastermind, Osama bin Laden. At a Senate hearing in June, Mattis acknowledged, "We are not winning in Afghanistan right now".